Figure 4. System A amino acid transporter activity.

A) System A transporter activity is sodium-dependent, as no uptake is seen in either normal of RFM placental fragments in the absence of sodium (solid boxes). Uptake is evident in fragments incubated in the presence of sodium (hollow boxes). B) RFM placentas have significantly lower system A activity than normal pregnancies. The RFM group with poor pregnancy outcome (PPO) have the lowest system A activity. [Mean ± SEM; ** = P<0.01, Two-way ANOVA].