FIGURE 1.

Forest plots of feeding trials investigating the effect of isocaloric exchange of fructose for carbohydrate on uric acid in people with and without diabetes. Three pooled effect estimates (diamonds) are shown: one each for trials in individuals with diabetes, no diabetes, and their combination. Paired analyses were applied to all crossover trials. Data are for weighted MD with 95% CI in uric acid (μmol/L). Data are expressed as weighted MD with 95% CI using generic inverse variance random effects models. Inter-study heterogeneity was tested by Cochrane’s Q statistic (chi-square) at a significance level of P < 0.10 and quantified by I², where I² ≥ 50% is considered to be evidence of substantial heterogeneity and ≥75%, considerable heterogeneity. CHO, any carbohydrate comparator; DM1, type 1 diabetes mellitus; DM2, type 2 diabetes mellitus; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance; HI, hyperinsulemia; MD, mean difference; N, normal.