Table 1.

Average error (degrees) for each 3D rotation component during forward flexion in the sagittal plane, and coronal plane abduction.

Angle	Angle of Elevation	Plane of Elevation	Axial Rotation
Flexion
Min	0.66 ± 0.7	0.44 ± 0.3	1.53 ± 1.4
30	3.94 ± 1.9	0.90 ± 0.9	4.44 ± 3.9
60	2.08 ± 2.2	1.77 ± 1.0	3.36 ± 3.3
90	2.71 ± 1.8	1.38 ± 1.1	5.78 ± 3.8
120	3.08 ± 1.7	1.00 ± 1.0	9.63 ± 5.3
Max	2.75 ± 1.6	1.24 ± 1.1	11.40 ± 5.5
120	2.02 ± 1.5	1.07 ± 1.1	10.55 ± 5.4
90	1.96 ± 1.6	1.41 ± 1.0	6.75 ± 4.4
60	3.71 ± 2.2	1.21 ± 0.9	4.57 ± 3.3
30	1.83 ± 1.2	0.89 ± 0.7	3.62 ± 3.6
Min	0.85 ± 0.6	0.84 ± 0.7	3.48 ± 3.6
Abduction
Min	0.52 ± 0.4	0.49 ± 0.6	3.19 ± 2.6
30	1.01 ± 0.7	1.48 ± 1.0	5.12 ± 3.5
60	1.56 ± 1.1	1.04 ± 0.8	5.08 ± 4.2
90	2.22 ± 1.5	0.84 ± 0.7	5.70 ± 4.5
120	3.50 ± 2.2	0.89 ± 0.5	5.94 ± 4.4
Max	3.64 ± 1.9	1.37 ± 1.0	5.50 ± 3.9
120	2.45 ± 1.5	1.52 ± 1.0	5.48 ± 4.3
90	1.73 ± 1.2	1.22 ± 0.8	5.49 ± 3.9
60	2.06 ± 1.7	1.11 ± 0.9	5.31 ± 3.6
30	2.19 ± 1.5	1.80 ± 1.1	5.18 ± 3.8
Min	0.74 ± 0.5	1.05 ± 1.2	4.54 ± 2.8