FGF family gene expression in the facial processes of E10.5 and E11 embryos. (A-H) Fgf8 (A-D), Fgf10 (E,F) and Fgf17 (G,H) expression was significantly reduced (arrowheads) in the MNP and LNP of Wnt9b–/– mouse embryos at E10.5. Fgf8 expression remained reduced at E11. (I) Quantitative analysis of gene expression in the dissected NP/MxP tissues of wild-type and Wnt9b–/– mutants at E10.5. The NP/MxP tissues containing both ectoderm and mesenchyme (right bar chart) and ectoderm separated from mesenchyme (left bar chart) were analyzed. (J) Gene expression in the upper facial processes of embryos in which Ctnnb1 function was constitutively activated in the facial ectoderm. The relative expression level compared with wild-type samples is presented as mean±s.e.m. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.005, Student’s t-test. mdp, mandibular process of branchial arch 1; lnp, lateral nasal process; mnp, medial nasal process; mxp, maxillary process.