Table 2.

Typical markers for the analysis of human embryoid bodies.

	Marker name	Alternate name	Marker type	Suitable marker for gene expression	Suitable marker for IHC	Reference
Pluripotency
	Oct4 (POU5F1)	Octamer-binding transcription factor 4	Transcription factor	Yes	Yes	[44]
	Nanog	n/a	Transcription factor	Yes	Yes	[45]
	REX-1	Zinc finger protein 42 homolog (ZFP42)	Transcription factor	Yes	Yes	[2]
	SOX-2	SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2	Transcription factor	Yes	Yes	[46]
	SSEA-3	Stage-specific embryonic antigen 3 (SSEA-3)	Surface antigen	No	Yes	[47]
	SSEA-4	Stage-specific embryonic antigen 3 (SSEA-4)	Surface antigen	No	Yes	[47]
	Tra-I-60	n/a	Surface antigen	No	Yes	[48]
	Tra-I-81	n/a	Surface antigen	No	Yes	[48]
Ectoderm
	GFAP	Glial fibrillary acidic protein	Glial intermediate filament	Yes	Yes	[49]
	Nestin	n/a	Intermediate filament	Yes	Yes	[49]
	Pax-6	Paired box gene 6	Transcription factor	Yes	Yes	[50]
	Sox-1	Sex determining region Y-box 1	Transcription factor	Yes	Yes	[51]
Endoderm
	AFP	Alpha-fetoprotein	Plasma Protein	Yes	No	[52]
	Amylase	Alpha-amylase	Metabolic Enzyme	Yes	Yes	[53]
	FOXA2	Hepatocyte nuclear factor 3-beta (HNF-3B)	Transcription Factor	Yes	Yes	[54]
	PDX1	Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1, insulin promoter factor 1	Transcription factor	Yes	Yes	[55]
	GATA4	GATA binding protein 4	Transcription factor	Yes	Yes	[56]
Mesoderm
	Brachyury	n/a	Transcription factor	Yes	Yes	[57]
	CD34	Cluster of differentiation molecule 34	Surface antigen	No	Yes	[58]
	FLT1	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1	Surface receptor	Yes	Yes	[59]
	RUNX1	AML1, Runt-related transcription factor 1	Transcription factor	Yes	Yes	[60]