Table 1.
Socio-demographic characteristics of participants by gender
| Male (n = 371) |
Female (n = 321) |
Total (n = 692) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| Age* | ||||||
| 12-14 | 13 | 3.5 | 12 | 3.7 | 25 | 3.6 |
| 15-18 | 110 | 29.6 | 125 | 38.9 | 235 | 34.0 |
| 19-24 | 248 | 66.8 | 184 | 57.3 | 432 | 62.4 |
| Orphan status | ||||||
| Double | 270 | 72.8 | 214 | 66.7 | 484 | 69.9 |
| Maternal | 67 | 18.1 | 79 | 24.6 | 246 | 21.1 |
| Paternal | 18 | 4.9 | 16 | 5.0 | 34 | 4.9 |
| Both alive | 3 | 0.8 | 3 | 0.9 | 6 | 0.9 |
| Uncertain | 13 | 3.5 | 9 | 2.8 | 22 | 3.2 |
| Number of years as head of household | ||||||
| < 5 | 173 | 46.6 | 147 | 45.9 | 320 | 46.3 |
| 5-9 | 150 | 40.4 | 140 | 43.8 | 290 | 42.0 |
| > = 10 | 48 | 12.9 | 33 | 10.3 | 81 | 11.7 |
| Number of other children and adolescents in household*** | ||||||
| 0 | 93 | 25.1 | 42 | 13.1 | 135 | 19.5 |
| 1-2 | 185 | 49.9 | 170 | 53.0 | 355 | 51.3 |
| 3-4 | 82 | 11.8 | 88 | 27.4 | 170 | 24.6 |
| 5 or more | 11 | 3.0 | 21 | 6.5 | 32 | 4.6 |
| School attendance | ||||||
| Ever attended school | 325 | 87.6 | 280 | 87.2 | 605 | 87.4 |
| Currently in school | 35 | 9.4 | 30 | 9.3 | 65 | 9.4 |
| Education achievement | ||||||
| Less than primary | 285 | 77.0 | 233 | 72.8 | 518 | 75.1 |
| Primary (7 years) | 62 | 16.8 | 67 | 20.9 | 129 | 18.7 |
| More than primary | 23 | 6.2 | 20 | 6.3 | 43 | 6.2 |
| Household characteristics | ||||||
| 3 or more rooms | 272 | 74.3 | 252 | 79.2 | 524 | 76.6 |
| Roof in tile or tin | 340 | 91.6 | 298 | 92.8 | 638 | 92.2 |
| Have a source of light | 228 | 62.0 | 198 | 61,9 | 426 | 61.9 |
| Latrine* | 266 | 72.3 | 208 | 65.0 | 474 | 68.9 |
| Eat one meal per day | 161 | 43.4 | 140 | 43.6 | 301 | 43.4 |
| Assets owned | ||||||
| Farm/grazing land | 351 | 94.6 | 307 | 95.6 | 658 | 95.1 |
| Livestock | 280 | 75.5 | 237 | 73.8 | 517 | 74.7 |
| Mattress | 35 | 9.4 | 39 | 12.1 | 74 | 10.7 |
| Blanket | 310 | 83.6 | 268 | 83.5 | 578 | 83.5 |
| Shoes | 222 | 59.8 | 207 | 64.5 | 429 | 62.0 |
| Spare set of clothes** | 259 | 69.8 | 252 | 78.5 | 511 | 73.8 |
| Assets index (mean score, range 1-6) | 3.5 (SD 1.47) | 3.6 (SD 1.51) | 3.6 (SD 1.50) | |||
| Social connectedness | ||||||
| Belong to 1 or more community groups | 223 | 60.1 | 211 | 65.7 | 434 | 62.7 |
| Peers relationships | ||||||
| One close friend they can count on | 340 | 91.6 | 293 | 91.3 | 633 | 91.5 |
| Feel they belong to a group of friends | 337 | 91.1 | 292 | 91.3 | 629 | 91.2 |
| Moved 2 or more times during last 5 years** | 124 | 33.7 | 69 | 21.6 | 193 | 28.1 |
| Adult support (mean score, range 1-5) | 3.3 (SD 1.06) | 3.4 (SD 1.05) | 3.4 (SD 1.06) | |||
| Drink alcohol*** | 221 | 59.6 | 121 | 37.7 | 342 | 49.4 |
| How often he/she drinks alcohol***φ | ||||||
| Daily | 23 | 10.4 | 2 | 1.7 | 25 | 7.3 |
| Once a week | 135 | 61.1 | 56 | 46.3 | 191 | 55.8 |
| Once a month | 50 | 22.6 | 51 | 42.1 | 101 | 29.5 |
| Once a year/special event | 13 | 5.9 | 12 | 9.9 | 25 | 7.3 |
| Use drugs** | 8 | 2.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 8 | 1.2 |
| Depression index (mean score, range 1-55) ¶** | 23.5 (SD 8.69) | 25.2 (SD 9.26) | 24.3 (SD 8.99) | |||
χ2 *p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01; ***p ≤ 0.001; ¶t-test **p ≤ 0.01
φOnly for those who drink alcohol (221 males, 121 females)