. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Apr 17.

Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Cardiol. 2010 Oct 26;7(12):686–698. doi: 10.1038/nrcardio.2010.161

Table 3. Epidemiological studies of hypertension in the elderly and cognition.

Study name	n, age (years)	Study period	Outcomes	BP measures	Covariates	Associations with cognitive tasks
HYVET⁷⁵ and HYVET-COG^76–78	3,763, >80	32 years follow up	Dementia, Hachinski ischemic scale, CT scan	Systolic BP 160–200 mmHg	D, RF, creatinine	Lower MMSE score associated with HTN, female sex, lower education, and comorbidities
COGNIPRES⁸⁰	1,579, >60	Cross-sectional	MMSE, 12.3% MCI	HTN Antihypertensive medication	D	Lower MMSE score associated with HTN and poor compliance with antihypertensive therapy
Northern Manhattan⁸¹	918, >75–80	4.7 years follow-up	MCI	HTN Antihypertensive medication	D, RF, stroke	HTN associated with increased risk of all-cause MCI and nonamnestic MCI, but not associated with amnestic MCI

Abbreviations: BP, blood pressure; COGNIPRES, Cognitive function and blood pressure control; D, demographic variables; HTN, hypertension (>140/90 mmHg); HYVET, Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial; HYVET-COG, HYVET cognitive function assessment; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; MMSE, minimental state examination; RF, risk factors (BMI, diabetes mellitus, HTN, cholesterol, smoking).