. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Apr 17.

Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Cardiol. 2010 Oct 26;7(12):686–698. doi: 10.1038/nrcardio.2010.161

Table 5. Epidemiological studies of BP and dementia.

Study name	n, age (years)	Study period	Outcomes	BP and other outcome measures	Covariates	Associations with cognitive tasks
Baltimore^43,88	101, 53–84	Cross-sectional	Neuropsychological tests Memory	BP	D, E	AD prevalence associated with SBP <130 mmHg and DBP <70 mmHg
Honolulu Heart Program/Honolulu-AsiaAging⁸⁹	1,890, 45–65 at enrollment, 83 ± 3.8 at follow-up	32 years follow-up	Dementia, AD, VaD	SBP, DBP	D, HTN	SBP and DBP increased from midlife to late life, but decreased again in late life; dementia associated with SBP rise from midlife to late life, and with a greater SBP decrease (≥10 mmHg) in late life
OPTIMA⁹⁰	477, >60	5 years follow-up	CAMCOG	BP	D	AD progression associated in a U-shape curve with DBP >110 mmHg and <60 mmHg; SBP not related to AD progression
US Veteran Affairs database¹¹¹	819 enrolled, 491 men with CVD, >65	4 years follow-up	Dementia	BP control with ARBs, lisinopril, or other CVD drugs	D, CVD, DM	ARBs associated with lower incidence of AD and any dementia compared with lisinopril and other CVD drugs

Abreviations: AD, Alzheimer disease; ARB, angiotensin-receptor blocker; BP, blood pressure; CAMCOG, Cambridge cognitive examination questionnaire; CVD, cardiovascular disease; D, demographic variables; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DM, diabetes mellitus; E, education; HTN, hypertension; OPTIMA, Oxford Project to Investigate Memory and Aging; MCD, mild cognitive disorder; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; RF, risk factors (BMI, DM, HTN, cholesterol, smoking); SBP, systolic blood pressure; VaD, vascular dementia.