Table 1.
Spectrum of current vaccine platforms in phase II/III clinical studies*
| Vaccine platform | Example | Cancer type | Selected references |
| Peptides/proteins | |||
| Peptide | gp100 (modified), MUC-1 (Stimuvax), HER2/neu | Melanoma, lung | (1–9) |
| Protein | MAGE-A3, NY-ESO | Melanoma | (10) |
| Antibody | Anti-idiotype | Lymphoma | (11–14) |
| Glycoproteins | sTn-KLH | Melanoma | (15,16) |
| Recombinant vectors | |||
| Poxvirus | rV, rF-PSA-TRICOM (Prostvac) | Prostate | (17–29) |
| Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) | yeast-ras | Pancreatic | (30,31) |
| Listeria | Listeria-mesothelin | Pancreatic | (32) |
| Alpha- and adenoviruses | adeno-CEA, alpha-CEA | Carcinoma | (33) |
| Tumor Cells | |||
| Autologous | adeno-CD40L, colon (BCG) | CLL, colon, melanoma | (34–36) |
| Dendritic cell/autologous tumor cell fusions | Myeloma | (37) | |
| Allogeneic | GVAX (+GM-CSF) | Pancreatic | (38–40) |
| Dendritic cells/APCs | |||
| APC–protein | Sipuleucel-T (PAP-GM-CSF) | Prostate | (41,42) |
| Dendritic cell–peptide | Glioma peptides | Glioma, melanoma | (43–45) |
| Dendritic cells–vector infected | rV, rF-CEA-MUC1-TRICOM (Panvac-DC) | Colorectal | (46,47) |
*
APC = antigen-presenting cell; BCG = Bacillus Calmette–Guerin adjuvant; CD40L = CD40 ligand; CEA = carcinoembryonic antigen; CLL = chronic lymphocytic leukemia; gp100 = glycoprotein 100; GM-CSF = granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor; MAGE-A3 = melanoma-associated antigen 3; MUC-1 = mucin 1; NY-ESO = New York esophageal carcinoma antigen 1; PAP = prostatic acid phosphatase; PSA = prostate-specific antigen; rF = recombinant fowlpox; rV = recombinant vaccinia; STn-KLH = sialyl-Tn–keyhole limpet hemocyanin.