Table 1. Clinical and biochemical characteristics according to the presence or absence of electrocardiographic LVH.
| Sokolow-Lyon voltage LVH | Sokolow-Lyon product LVH | Cornell voltage LVH | Cornell product LVH | |||||||||
| No (n = 257) | Yes (n = 60) | P | No (n = 274) | Yes (n = 43) | P | No (n = 279) | Yes (n = 38) | P | No (n = 274) | Yes (n = 43) | P | |
| Age (years) | 56.4±14.3 | 58.3±13.8 | 0.36 | 56.0±14.2 | 61.5±13.0 | 0.018 | 56.6±14.4 | 58.0±12.1 | 0.57 | 56.5±14.4 | 58.4±12.6 | 0.42 |
| Male gender | 130 (51%) | 40 (67%) | 0.024 | 144 (53%) | 26 (61%) | 0.33 | 152 (54%) | 22 (58%) | 0.40 | 144 (53%) | 26 (61%) | 0.33 |
| Diabetes | 143 (56%) | 31 (52%) | 0.58 | 149 (54%) | 25 (58%) | 0.65 | 151 (54%) | 23 (61%) | 0.46 | 148 (54%) | 26 (61%) | 0.43 |
| Hypertension | 227 (88%) | 54 (90%) | 0.71 | 239 (87%) | 42 (98%) | 0.045 | 245 (88%) | 36 (95%) | 0.21 | 240 (88%) | 41 (95%) | 0.14 |
| Coronary artery disease | 39 (15%) | 15 (25%) | 0.07 | 44 (16%) | 10 (23%) | 0.24 | 46 (17%) | 8 (21%) | 0.48 | 41 (15%) | 13 (30%) | 0.01 |
| History of smoking | 36 (14%) | 12 (20%) | 0.24 | 40 (15%) | 8 (19%) | 0.50 | 43 (15%) | 5 (13%) | 0.72 | 40 (15%) | 8 (19%) | 0.50 |
| Primary renal disease | 0.54 | 0.77 | 0.88 | 0.52 | ||||||||
| Diabetes | 143 (56%) | 30 (50%) | 149 (54%) | 24 (56%) | 150 (54%) | 23 (61%) | 147 (54%) | 26 (61%) | ||||
| Glomerulonephritis | 24 (9%) | 4 (7%) | 26 (10%) | 2 (5%) | 25 (9%) | 3 (8%) | 24 (9%) | 4 (9%) | ||||
| ADPKD | 7 (3%) | 1 (2%) | 7 (3%) | 1 (2%) | 7 (3%) | 1 (3%) | 6 (2%) | 2 (5%) | ||||
| Others | 83 (32%) | 25 (42%) | 92 (34%) | 16 (37%) | 97 (35%) | 11 (29%) | 97 (35%) | 11 (26%) | ||||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.8±3.4 | 22.5±3.1 | 0.008 | 23.7±3.4 | 22.8±3.2 | 0.11 | 23.7±3.5 | 22.8±2.5 | 0.12 | 23.6±3.4 | 22.9±3.4 | 0.20 |
| MBP (mmHg) | 99.0±14.2 | 100.5±14.4 | 0.48 | 99.1±14.3 | 100.8±13.9 | 0.47 | 98.8±14.0 | 103.2±15.3 | 0.08 | 99.3±14.1 | 99.4±14.9 | 0.97 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 73.5±13.5 | 75.0±13.5 | 0.44 | 74.1±13.6 | 72.4±12.8 | 0.46 | 73.7±13.7 | 75.0±12.6 | 0.58 | 74.1±13.4 | 72.3±14.1 | 0.42 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dl) | 93.7±32.1 | 93.4±28.8 | 0.95 | 93.3±31.2 | 95.7±33.3 | 0.64 | 94.3±32.2 | 88.9±25.8 | 0.32 | 93.1±31.4 | 97.2±32.3 | 0.42 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 9.8±4.7 | 9.9±4.2 | 0.86 | 9.8±4.6 | 9.7±4.3 | 0.92 | 9.9±4.7 | 9.1±3.5 | 0.32 | 9.7±4.7 | 10.2±4.1 | 0.55 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 6.5±3.0 | 6.3±2.4 | 0.71 | 6.5±3.0 | 6.3±2.5 | 0.73 | 6.5±2.9 | 6.4±2.7 | 0.82 | 6.5±3.0 | 6.1±2.6 | 0.37 |
| Calcium (mg/dl) | 7.8±1.1 | 8.0±1.1 | 0.18 | 7.8±1.1 | 8.0±1.1 | 0.18 | 7.8±1.1 | 8.1±0.9 | 0.07 | 7.8±1.1 | 7.9±1.2 | 0.56 |
| Phosphate (mg/dl) | 6.2±1.9 | 6.3±1.7 | 0.85 | 6.2±1.9 | 6.3±1.8 | 0.78 | 6.2±1.9 | 6.1±1.9 | 0.80 | 6.2±1.8 | 6.5±2.1 | 0.32 |
| Albumin (g/dl) | 3.5±0.7 | 3.6±0.6 | 0.33 | 3.5±0.7 | 3.6±0.5 | 0.33 | 3.5±0.7 | 3.4±0.6 | 0.26 | 3.5±0.7 | 3.5±0.6 | 0.95 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 161.9±50.0 | 155.3±41.2 | 0.34 | 161.3±49.3 | 157.0±43.1 | 0.60 | 159.0±48.2 | 173.0±48.8 | 0.10 | 160.1±49.0 | 164.2±45.1 | 0.61 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 8.4±1.6 | 8.6±1.3 | 0.56 | 8.4±1.6 | 8.7±1.4 | 0.34 | 8.4±1.6 | 8.8±1.5 | 0.16 | 8.4±1.6 | 8.6±1.6 | 0.55 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/l) | 0.8±0.9 | 1.1±1.5 | 0.18 | 0.8±1.1 | 0.8±1.0 | 0.91 | 0.8±1.1 | 0.8±0.9 | 0.88 | 0.8±1.1 | 1.0±1.2 | 0.40 |
| Single-pool Kt/V | 1.3±0.3 | 1.2±0.3 | 0.76 | 1.1±0.4 | 1.2±0.3 | 0.79 | 1.2±0.4 | 1.3±0.3 | 0.71 | 1.2±0.3 | 1.3±0.3 | 0.81 |
| No of antihypertensive drugs | 2.1±1.2 | 2.2±1.2 | 0.55 | 2.1±1.2 | 2.1±1.1 | 0.89 | 2.1±1.2 | 2.4±1.1 | 0.13 | 2.1±1.2 | 2.2±1.0 | 0.79 |
| Antihypertensive drugs | ||||||||||||
| β-blockers | 144 (56%) | 30 (50%) | 0.40 | 151 (55%) | 23 (54%) | 0.84 | 152 (55%) | 22 (58%) | 0.69 | 152 (56%) | 22 (51%) | 0.60 |
| ACE inhibitors or ARBs | 148 (58%) | 39 (65%) | 0.29 | 160 (58%) | 27 (63%) | 0.59 | 158 (57%) | 29 (76%) | 0.02 | 159 (58%) | 28 (65%) | 0.38 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 191 (74%) | 47 (78%) | 0.52 | 205 (75%) | 33 (77%) | 0.79 | 206 (74%) | 32 (84%) | 0.17 | 203 (74%) | 35 (81%) | 0.30 |
| Statin use | 74 (29%) | 17 (28%) | 0.94 | 74 (27%) | 17 (40%) | 0.09 | 77 (28%) | 14 (37%) | 0.24 | 72 (26%) | 19 (44%) | 0.02 |
| Coronary revasculization | 31 (12%) | 16 (27%) | 0.004 | 31 (11%) | 16 (37%) | <0.001 | 37 (13%) | 10 (26%) | 0.03 | 33 (12%) | 14 (33%) | <0.001 |
| Stroke | 16 (6%) | 7 (12%) | 0.14 | 20 (7%) | 3 (7%) | 0.94 | 19 (7%) | 4 (11%) | 0.41 | 19 (7%) | 4 (9%) | 0.58 |
ADPKD, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease; MBP, mean arterial blood pressure; BPM, beat per minute; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; No, number; ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy.
Data are presented as n (%) or mean ± SD.