Table 5. ANOVAs of the effect of cultivar (including all cultivars) and GM-cultivar ‘Modena’ versus parental cultivar ‘Karnico’ on diversity of ascomycetes, basidiomycetes and glomeromycetes in the rhizosphere in both fields, all years and growth stages.

				Diversity of Ascomycota (Shannon H)			Diversity of Basidiomycota (Shannon H)			Diversity of Glomeromycota (Shannon H)
				Cultivar	GM-Parent	Order level	Cultivar	GM-Parent	Order level	Cultivar	GM-Parent	Order level
				df. 5	df. 1		df. 5	df. 1		df. 5	df. 1
Field BUI	2008	Young	F	0.12	0.12		0.21	0.60		0.38	0.38
			P	0.89	0.75	n.s.	0.95	0.48	n.s.	0.86	0.85	n.s.
		Flowering	F	0.92	0.00		0.79	0.56		0.62	2.34
			P	0.91	1.00	n.s.	0.58	0.50	n.s.	0.69	0.22	n.s.
		Senescence	F	2.93	0.05		0.99	0.30		0.93	0.60
			P	0.11	0.83	n.s.	0.47	0.61	n.s.	0.50	0.50	n.s.
	2009	Young	F	0.88	1.22		0.23	0.40		0.99	0.88
			P	0.51	0.52	n.s.	0.92	0.55	n.s.	0.46	0.38	n.s.
		Flowering	F	2.86	1.14		3.28	0.21		0.64	0.71
			P	0.14	0.35	n.s.	0.10	0.63	n.s.	0.56	0.44	n.s.
		Senescence	F	1.35	3.29		4.88	1.19		nd	nd
			P	0.35	0.21	n.s.	0.77	0.29	n.s.	nd	nd	n.s.
	2010	Young	F	6.25	13.80	3.83/11.27	0.79	5.98		0.54	0.60
			P	0.03	0.01	0.02/0.001	0.58	0.07	n.s.	0.74	0.50	n.s.
		Flowering	F	0.46	0.00		2.86	2.24		0.43	0.13
			P	0.80	0.98	n.s.	0.14	0.38	n.s.	0.82	0.74	n.s.
		Senescence	F	1.37	1.14		0.31	0.29		4.41	0.82
			P	0.30	0.35	n.s.	0.86	0.82	n.s.	0.99	0.40	n.s.
Field VMD	2008	Young	F	1.73	1.89		0.45	0.19		4.77	38.37	2.38/40.38
			P	0.19	0.49	n.s.	0.80	0.69	n.s.	0.01	0.00	0.02/0.001
		Flowering	F	0.85	4.35		0.43	0.37		2.23	0.41
			P	0.52	0.17	n.s.	0.79	0.58	n.s.	0.15	0.59	n.s.
		Senescence	F	0.99	0.04		0.57	0.34		0.13	0.32
			P	0.48	0.86	n.s.	0.73	0.59	n.s.	0.93	0.62	n.s.
	2009	Young	F	0.64	1.79		0.45	0.26		0.51	0.20
			P	0.62	0.41	n.s.	0.73	0.64	n.s.	0.69	0.67	n.s.
		Flowering	F	0.64	1.08		4.95	0.90		0.47	0.71
			P	0.61	0.41	n.s.	0.04	0.39	n.s.	0.76	0.44	n.s.
		Senescence	F	0.35	1.21		5.54	0.93	4.37/1.61	2.31	23.78
			P	0.84	0.44	n.s.	0.02	0.38	0.04/0.26	0.15	0.16	n.s.
	2010	Young	F	0.49	0.42		0.62	2.92		1.12	1.89
			P	0.78	0.84	n.s.	0.66	0.15	n.s.	0.56	0.49	n.s.
		Flowering	F	2.66	7.84	1.43/1.17	2.72	2.34		0.46	0.33
			P	0.08	0.05	0.28/0.03	0.13	0.22	n.s.	0.77	0.67	n.s.
		Senescence	F	0.84	0.91		0.54	2.87		0.49	0.42
			P	0.50	0.38	n.s.	0.67	0.17	n.s.	0.75	0.86	n.s.

The diversities were estimated using Shannon-H’. The first two columns of each fungal group are performed at the level of OTUs and the third column indicates significance at the level of orders. Significant P-values are marked with bold.