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. 2012 Apr 17;7(4):e35011. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035011

Figure 1. Immunoregulatory effects of TGF-β1 on the cell viability and immune-related gene mRNA expression in grass carp PBL and HKL.

Figure 1

A, Leukocytes were incubated with 100 ng/ml of native or heat treated rgcTGF-β1 for 1, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. The viability of PBL (A, left panel) and HKL (A, right panel) was detected by CCK-8 assay. Relative cell viability was expressed as the fold changes of the respective heat treated group at each time point. B–G, Effects of rgcTGF-β1 on Tnfα (B), Ifnγ (C), Cd4l (D), Cd8α (E), Cd8β (F) and Igμ (G) mRNA expression. Grass carp PBL or HKL were incubated with 100 ng/ml of native or heat treated rgcTGF-β1 for the duration as indicated. Results from PBL are presented in the left panels and results from HKL are presented in the right panels. qPCR was carried out to determine the mRNA expression profiles of these genes as described in Materials and methods. Relative mRNA levels were analyzed by using β-actin as an internal reference and expressed as the fold changes of the heat treated group at 1 h. Data presented (mean±SEM, N = 4) are representative results of three individual experiments. The asterisk (*) denotes a significant difference at P<0.05.