(A) The avrBT125A and avrBR266G mutations abolish JA-signaling activity. Arabidopsis rpm1 plants were inoculated with DC3682 carrying an empty vector (pDSK), WT avrB, avrBT125A, or avrBR266G. RNA was isolated 6 hr post inoculation, and the expression of PDF1.2 was determined by real-time RT-PCR. (B) MPK4 is required for PDF1.2 induction by the AvrB-3xFLAG transgene. Plants of the indicated genotypes were treated with estradiol for 24 hrs, and RNA was isolated for real-time RT-PCR. (C) The AvrB-3xFLAG transgene does not induce susceptibility in the mpk4 mutant. Plants of the indicated genotypes were pre-treated with estradiol, inoculated with the P. syringae hrcC mutant strain, and the bacterial population in the leaf was determined at the indicated times. The data shown are representative of two independent experiments with similar results.