Table III.

Adjusted^a difference (95% CI) in semen quality parameters of men by intake of total fat and major fatty acid groups.

Intake median, % of calories	n	Total sperm count (% difference)	Sperm concentration (% difference)	Sperm motility (% motile)	Sperm morphology (% normal)
Total fat
26	29	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
32	31	−46 (−64, −12)*	−37 (−57, −8)*	3 (−8, 13)	0.4 (−1.0, 1.8)
36	31	−43 (−62, −14)*	−38 (−58, −10)*	0 (−11, 10)	0 (−1.3, 1.4)
Ptrend		0.01	0.01	0.99	0.90
Saturated
8	29	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
10	32	−40 (−66, −4)*	−38 (−60, −4)*	−8 (−20, 4)	−1.1 (−2.7, 0.4)
13	30	−35 (−61, 9)	−38 (−62, 0)*	−11 (−24, 2)	−1.6 (−3.3, 0.1)
Ptrend		0.20	0.10	0.13	0.08
Monounsaturated
10	29	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
12	30	−36 (−59, −1)*	−43 (−62, −14)*	1 (−11, 13)	1.1 (−0.4, 2.7)
15	32	−29 (−58, 22)	−29 (−57, 16)	−1 (−15, 13)	0.7 (−1.1, 2.6)
Ptrend		0.28	0.26	0.83	0.50
Polyunsaturated
4.2	30	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
5.6	30	−11 (−42, 34)	−20 (−47, 20)	3 (−8, 14)	0.2 (−1.2, 1.7)
7.3	31	−13 (−47, 43)	−35 (−60, 4)	3 (−9, 15)	0.6 (−1.1, 2.2)
Ptrend		0.58	0.07	0.62	0.50
Omega-6
3.8	29	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
4.9	31	−7 (−41, 46)	−22 (−49, 18)	2 (−10, 13)	0.6 (−0.9, 2.1)
6.0	31	−15 (−49, 43)	−31 (−57, 13)	7 (−6, 20)	0.7 (−1.0, 2.4)
Ptrend		0.55	0.15	0.27	0.43
Omega-3
0.4	31	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
0.5	32	48 (−2, 124)	6 (−29, 57)	4 (−6, 15)	0.8 (−0.5, 2.2)
0.7	29	33 (−18, 113)	−2 (−62, 53)	5 (−7, 18)	1.9 (0.4, 3.5)*
Ptrend		0.30	0.89	0.42	0.02

*Significantly different from men in the lowest tertile of intake at P < 0.05.

^aAdjusted for protein intake, remaining fatty acids, total energy intake, age, abstinence time, BMI, caffeine intake, alcohol consumption and smoking status.