Table 1.
Delayed HIV diagnosis
| First Author, Pub.Year (Ref. No.) |
Source of Data, Location, Year |
Study population | N, %male, %Hispanic |
Age (median, years) |
Outcome of Interest |
Result | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hall 2006 (17) |
1996-2001 CDC surveillance data from 25 states |
≥13 years-old diagnosed with HIV between 1996-2001. Followed through December 31, 2002 |
N=98,885 M:73% H: 7.9% |
39% were between 30-39 |
Proportion with AIDS within l year of HIV diagnosis |
Late HIV diagnosis* (Percentage) |
|||
| White | 40.6% (40.3-41.0) | ||||||||
| Black | 39.4%(39.0-39.7) | ||||||||
| Hispanic | 46.7% (46.2-47.3) | ||||||||
| * adjusted for age, sex, transmission category and year of diagnosis | |||||||||
| Hall 2007 (15) |
1996-2002 CDC surveillance data from 33 states |
MSM <13 vears- old with HIV diagnosis between 1996- 2002 |
43,994 M:100% H: 14.1% |
- | Proportion with AIDS within 1 year of HIV diagnosis |
Late HIV diagnosis* (Percentage) |
|||
| White | 18.4% (17.9-18.9) | ||||||||
| Black | 23.1% (22.4-23.7) | ||||||||
| Hispanic | 23.7% (22.6-24.7) | ||||||||
| * adjusted for age and diagnosis year. | |||||||||
| Torrone 2007 (21) |
2000-2004, North Carolina Partner Counseling and Referral Services (PCRS) surveillance database records |
Men between 18 and 30 years old diagnosed with HIV between January 1, 2000, and December, 31, 2004 |
n=1117 M:100% H:ll% |
100% between 18-30 |
Late diagnosis defined as AIDS diagnosis at first documented HIV test |
Late HIV diagnosis (Percentage) |
AOR* | ||
| Non-Hispanic | 11.5% | Ref. | |||||||
| Hispanic | 29.2% | 2.23 (1.37-3.65) | |||||||
| * Adjusted for urban residency, college enrollment, prior incarceration, history of IDU, use of internet to meet sexual partners, syphilis co-infection, partner with known HIV, sexual risk, age. | |||||||||
| Esplnoza 2007 (11) |
1999-2004 CDC surveillance data from 29 states |
Heterosexuallv- acauired HIV in ≥13 year-olds with HIV diagnosis between 1999- 2004 |
n=52,569 M:26% H: 10% |
33% were between 30-39 |
Proportion with concurrent HIV and AIDS diagnosis |
Proportion concurrent HIV/AIDS diagnosis | |||
| White | 23% | ||||||||
| Black | 20% | ||||||||
| Hispanic | 23% | p=<0.001 | |||||||
| AOR of concurrent HIV/AIDS diagnosis among Hispanics* | |||||||||
| Female | Ref | ||||||||
| Male | 1.58 (1.39,1.80) | ||||||||
| *adjusted for age and year of diagnosis | |||||||||
| Espinoza 2008(13) |
2005 CDC surveillance data from 33 states |
≥13 year-old Hispanics with HIV diagnosis in 2005 |
N=7,561 M:77% H: 100% Place of birth U.S.: 29% Foreign: 54% Unknown: 17% |
42% were between 30-39 |
Proportion with AIDS within 1 year of HIV diagnosis |
Late HIV diagnosis by place of birth (Percentage) |
AOR for Late Diagnosis* | ||
| U.S. born | 39.1 | Ref. | |||||||
| Puerto Rico | 39.5 | 1.2 (0.9 to 1.5) | |||||||
| Mexico | 55.2 | 2.2 (1.8 to 2.5) | |||||||
| Central America | 58.5 | 2.5 (2.0 to 3.2) | |||||||
| *adjusted for sex, age group, place of birth, and transmission category. | |||||||||
| Espinoza 2009 (12) |
2003-2005 CDC surveillance data from 48 US border counties in 4 states (CA, NM, TX,AZ) |
≥13 year with HIV diagnosis between 2003- 2005 |
N=3090 M:N/A H:46% |
33% were between 30-39 |
Proportion with AIDS within 1 year of HIV diagnosis |
Late HIV diagnosis (Percentage) |
AOR for late diagnosis* | ||
| Male | Female | ||||||||
| White | 37% | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| Black | 37% | 1.0 (0.7-1.4) | 1.3 (0.7- 2.5) | ||||||
| Hispanic | 46% | 1.4(1.2-1.7) | 2.2(1.2-3.8) | ||||||
| U.S. born | 39% | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| Foreign-born | 51% | 1.7 (1.4-2.2) | 0.9 (0.6-1.5) | ||||||
| *adjusted for sex, age group, place of birth, race/ethnicity, and transmission category | |||||||||
| Hall 2009 (16) |
2001-2005 CDC surveillance data from 33 states |
≥13 years old with HIV diagnosis between 2003- 2005 |
N=126,382 M:72% H: 18.2% |
- | Proportion with AIDS within 1 year of HIV diagnosis |
Late HIV Diagnosis (Percentage) |
|||
| White | 54.1% | ||||||||
| Black | 53.1% | ||||||||
| Hispanic | 57.7% | ||||||||
| Yang 2010 (23) |
2000-2008, Houston/Harris County, Texas, reported to Houston Department of Health and Human Services |
≥13 years old resident of Houston/Harris County, diagnosed with AIDS between 2000-2007 |
N=9964 M:78% H:21% |
35% were between 30-39 |
Proportion with late HIV diagnosis, defined as AIDS diagnosis within three months of initial HIV diagnosis) |
Unadjusted OR | AOR for late diagnosis* | ||
| White | Ref. | Ref. | |||||||
| Black | 0.99 (0.88-1.10) | 1.19 (1.04-1.34) | |||||||
| Hispanic | 1.64 (1.44-1.85) | 1.86 (1.61-2.16) | |||||||
| *adjusted for sex, race, mode of transmission, age group, country of origin, and private versus public sector care | |||||||||
AOR adjusted odds ratio, CDC centers for disease control and prevention, H Hispanic, M male, MSM men who have sex with men, N/A not available, OR odds ratio, Pub publication, Ref reference
Color scheme grey-Hispanics with worse outcome