Table 3.
Survival after AIDS diagnosis
| First Author, Publication Year (Reference No.) |
Source of Data, Location, Year |
Study population | N, %male, %Hispanic |
Age (median) | Follow-up period | Outcome of Interest |
Result | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nash 2005 (30) | 1993-2001 AIDS surveillance data reported to the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene HIV/AIDS Reporting System (HARS) NYC Vital Statistics Registry |
≥13 year-old people living with AIDS (PLWA) in NYC, alive at any time during 1993- 2001 |
N=48,742 M: 71.3% H: 34.4% |
42% between 30- 39 years old |
Median follow up 3.7 years Followed until Dec. 31, 2001 |
HIV-related mortality rate AIDS diagnosis |
HIV-related death rate (per 1000 PLWA) |
Adjusted RR (2001)* | ||
| White | 18.5 | Ref | ||||||||
| Black | 34.4 | 1.4 (1.2-1.6) | ||||||||
| Hispanic | 28.8 | 1.2 (1.1-1.4) | ||||||||
| * adjusted for sex, age at AIDS diagnosis, transmission risk category, borough of residence, stage of disease at AIDS diagnosis, time since AIDS diagnosis, and first CD4 count | ||||||||||
| Sackoff 2006 (31) | 1999-2004 AIDS surveillance data reported to the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene HIV/AIDS Reporting System (HARS) NYC Vital Statistics Registry |
≥ 13 years old PLWA, alive at any time between 1999 and 2004 |
N=68,669 M: 69.9% H: 33.4% |
46 years old | Followed until Dec. 31, 2004 |
HIV mortality rate from AIDS diagnosis |
HIV-related death rate (per 10,000 PLWA) |
Adjusted RR* | ||
| White | 183.3 (158.0-208.7) | Ref. | ||||||||
| Black | 369.1 (352.4-385.8) | 1.17 (1.09-1.25) | ||||||||
| Hispanic | 289.5 (272.0-307.1) | 1.01 (0.94-1.09) | ||||||||
| *adjusted for age, sex, HIV transmission category, borough, residence in an area of poverty, year of AIDS diagnosis, and lowest CD4 lymphocyte count. | ||||||||||
| Hall 2006 (17) | 1996-2001, CDC surveillance data of AIDS diagnosis from 50 states |
≥13 years old. AIDS diagnosis from 1996-2001 |
N=262,744 M:76% H:20% |
42% were between 30-39 years old |
Followed until Dec. 31, 2002 |
3-year survival after AIDS diagnosis |
3-year survival (Percentage) |
RR of death at 3 years* | ||
| White | 82.3 (82.0-82.6) | Ref. | ||||||||
| Black | 77.2 (77.0-77.5) | 1.15 (1.12-1.18) | ||||||||
| Hispanic | 79.0 (78.6-79.3) | 1.16 (1.13-1.20) | ||||||||
| *adjusted for sex, age, transmission category, CD4 count at diagnosis, diagnosis year, and population density of area at diagnosis | ||||||||||
| Espinoza 2009 (12) | 1996-2004 CDC surveillance data from 48 US border counties in 4 states (CA, NM,TX,AZ) |
≥13 year with AIDS diagnosis between 1996-2004 |
N= 12,377 M: 88.5% Hi: 46.8% 19.7% foreign- born |
72% between 30- 49 years old |
Followed until June 2007 |
3-year survival after AIDS diagnosis |
3 year survival (Percentage) |
|||
| White | 84.0 (83.7-84.2) | |||||||||
| Black | 81.7 (81.7-81.8) | |||||||||
| Hispanic | 81.7 (81.4-82.0) | |||||||||
| *adjusted for sex, age group, place of birth, race/ethnicity, transmission group, year of diagnosis, and CD4 lymphocyte count at time of diagnosis | ||||||||||
| Espinoza 2008 (13) | 1996-2003 CDC surveillance data from U.S. 50 states, D.C., and 5- US-dependent areas |
AIDS diagnosis among Hispanics in adolescents and adults |
N=69,484 M: 77.5% H:100% |
70% were between 30-49 years old |
Followed until June 2007 |
Survival time after diagnosis of AIDS |
Survival 36 months after AIDS diagnosis | |||
| Place of birth | % (95% confidence interval) | |||||||||
| U.S. | 80.8 (80.6-81.0) | |||||||||
| Puerto Rico | 73.6 (73.4-73.8) | |||||||||
| Mexico | 81.6 (81.4-81.7) | |||||||||
| Central America | 83.4 (83.3-83.5) | |||||||||
| * adjusted for sex, age group, transmission category, and CD4 count at time of diagnosis | ||||||||||
| Woldemichael 2009 (33) |
1993-2001 surveillance data reported to the Chicago Department of Public Health |
≥ 13years old diagnosed with AIDS between Jan. 1993 and Dec. 2001 Only post-HAART data included here (1996-2001) |
N=5806 (post- HAART) M:78% H:15% |
74% between 30- 49 years old |
Until Dec 31, 2003 | 1,3 and 5 year survival estimates after AIDS diagnosis |
5-year survival (Proportion) |
Adjusted HR for HIV-related death* |
||
| White | 0.83 | Ref. | ||||||||
| Black | 0.73 | 1.51 (1.26-1.80) | ||||||||
| Hispanic | 0.79 | 1.22 (0.97-1.53) | ||||||||
| * adjusted for gender, mode of transmission, age at diagnosis, and opportunistic diseases. | ||||||||||
| Arnold 2009 (25) | 1996-2006 AIDS surveillance data reported to the San Francisco Department of Public Health (SFDPH) |
AIDS diagnosis between Jan 1, 1996 to Dec. 31, 2000, aged ≥15, and surviving at least 30 days from AIDS diagnosis |
N=3866 M: 89.9% H: 14.6% |
55% between 29- 59 years old |
Until Dec. 31,2006 | Time from AIDS diagnosis to AIDS death and all- cause mortality |
5 year all cause mortality HR* | |||
| Model 1 | Full Model | |||||||||
| White | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||||
| Black | 1.24 (1.02-1.51) | 0.88 (0.72-1.08) | ||||||||
| Hispanic | 0.82 (0.64-1.06) | 0.77 (0.59-1.00) | ||||||||
| * Model 1 adjusted for transmission risk. Full model adjusted for transmission risk, neighborhood socioeconomic context, age at diagnosis, insurance status, and ARV initiation | ||||||||||
| Hall 2007 (15) | 1994-2004, CDC surveillance data from 25 states |
MSM≥13 years old with AIDS diagnosis between 1996-2002 |
N= 62,045 M:100% H:16% |
47% between 30- 39 years old |
Followed until 2004 |
3-year survival after AIDS diagnosis |
3 year survival* (Percentage) |
|||
| White | 84.5 (84.2-84.8) | |||||||||
| Black | 80.6 (80.2-81.0) | |||||||||
| Hispanic | 85.2 (84.9-85.4) | |||||||||
| *adjusted for age, diagnosis year, and baseline CD4 | ||||||||||
| Espinoza 2007 (11) | 1996-2003, CDC surveillance data from 50 U.S. states |
Heterosexuallv- acauired. > 13 years old with AIDS diagnosis between 1996-2003 |
N=86923 M:44% H:NR |
35% were between 30-39 years old |
Followed until June 2005 |
1,2,3, and 4 year survival estimates |
Adjusted 4-year survival probability* | |||
| Male | Female | |||||||||
| White | 0.82(0.81-0.82) | White | 0.81(0.81-0.81) | |||||||
| Black | 0.79(0.77-0.80) | Black | 0.76(0.76-0.77) | |||||||
| Hispanic | 0.85(0.85-0.86) | Hispanic | 0.84(0.84-0.85) | |||||||
| * adjusted for gender, age group, year of diagnosis, and CD4 lymphocyte count at diagnosis (excluding deaths within 1 month of AIDS diagnosis) | ||||||||||
| Hanna 2008 (26) | 2002-2005 AIDS surveillance data reported to the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene HIV/AIDS Reporting System (HARS) NYC Vital Statistics Registry |
≥13 years old with AIDS diagnosis between January 1,2002 and June 30,2005 |
N=15,211 M:6796 H:32% |
41 years old (IQR 35-48) |
Followed until Dec 31,2005 |
Time from AIDS diagnosis to HIV- related death |
Adjusted HRfor HIV-related death* | |||
| White | Ref | |||||||||
| Black | 1.18 (0.99-1.39) | |||||||||
| Hispanic | 0.69 (0.56-0.84) | |||||||||
| Country of Origin: | ||||||||||
| U.S. Born | Ref. | |||||||||
| Puerto Rico | 2.53 (2.04-3.15) | |||||||||
| Caribbean | 1.74 (1.47-2.05) | |||||||||
| Central and South America | 1.65 (1.29-2.12) | |||||||||
| *adjusted for gender, age, concurrent AIDS diagnosis, country of birth, transmission category, borough, poverty, CD4 lymphocyte count at AIDS diagnosis, and year of AIDS diagnosis. | ||||||||||
AOR adjusted odds ratio, CDC centers for disease control and prevention, H Hispanic, HAART highly active antiretroviral therapy, HR hazards ratio, M male, MSM men who have sex with men, NR not reported, OR odds ratio, PUNA persons living with AIDS, Ref reference, RR relative risk
Color scheme grey-Hispanics with worse outcome