Table 4.

Survival after HIV diagnosis or enrollment in care

First Author, Publication Year (Reference No.)	Source of Data, Location, Year	Study population	N, %male, %Hispanic	Age (median)	Follow-up period	Percentage with AIDS	Outcome of Interest	Result
McGinnis 2003 (29)	1999-2001, National administrative inpatient and outpatient data from the VA Healthcare Systems	Veterans 25-84 years old diagnosed with HIV between Junel999-Sept 2001	N=5676 M:97% H:9%	49 years old	Followed until Sep. 2002	Whites 24.3% Blacks 27.7% Hispanics 41.4%	Survival from HIV diagnosis to death		Age-adjusted HR
								White	Ref
								Black	1.41 (1.19-1.66)
								Hispanic	1.41 (1.06-1.86)
								*adjusted for age
Harrison 2010 (27)	1996-2005 CDC surveillance data from 25 states	≥ 13 years old diagnosed with HIV between 1996- 2005	N=220,646 M:74% H:9%	NR	Followed until Dec. 31, 2007	33%* *Note that 42% were missing CD4 count within 6 months of diagnosis	Estimated Life Expectancy (ELE) and Average Years of Life Lost (AYLL)* *AYLL calculated by subtracting the estimated life expectancy after HIV diagnosis from the life expectancy in general population (matched by age, sex, race, and calendar year)	2005 ELE
								Male		Female
								White	25.5 (24.9-26.1)	21.4 (20.8-22.0)
								Black	19.9 (19.6-20.2)	24.2 (23.3-25.1)
								Hispanic	22.6 (21.9-23.3)	21.2 (19.8-22.7)
								2005 AYLL
									20 y.o	40 y.o	60 y.o.
								White	24.4	16.9	9.3
								Black	26.4	18.1	10.1
								Hispanic	30.2	23.3	15.3
Hall 2006 (17)	1996-2001 CDC surveillance data of HIV diagnosis from 25 states	≥13 years old diagnosed with HIV from 1996- 2001	N=98,003 Male: 73% Hispanic: 8%	39% were between 30-39 years old	Followed until Dec. 31, 2002	41%* *Note that 55% were missing CD4 count	3-year survival after HIV diagnosis		3-year survival (Percentage)	RR of death at 3 years*
								White	90.7% (90.4-91.1)	Ref.
								Black	89.5% (89.2-89.8)	1.17 (1.12-1.23)
								Hispanic	90.3% (89.6-91.0)	1.06 (0.98-1.16)
								*adjusted for age, transmission category, CD4 count at diagnosis, AIDS at HIV diagnosis, diagnosis year, population density of area of residence
Losina 2009 (28)	HIV research network (HIVRN) (Patients enrolled in HIV care)	HIV-infected patients enrolled at one of the 7 HIVRN sites (6 academic and 1 community)	N=8091 M:75% H: 20.6%	33 +/− 7.5 years old (mean)	N/A	Overall: 42.1% White: 36.4 Black: 44.2 Hispanic: 45.5	Estimated Life Expectancy from age 33 Years of Life Lost: calculated by subtracting estimated life in patients in HIVRN cohort from demographically- adjusted life expectancy if patients received HAART according to guidelines		Risk adjusted life expectancy (years)*	Years of Life Lost**
								White	22.2	3.2
								Black	17.5	3.0
								Hispanic	20.2	3.9
								*adjusted for the following risks: MSM, IDU, multiple sex partners, being a CSW, and history of STI
								**attributed to late initiation or early discontinuation
AnastOS 2005 (24)	1993-2005, Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) cohort Bronx, Brooklyn, D.C., Los Angeles, San Francisco, Chicago	HIV-positive women initiating HAART	N=961 M:0% H: 21.296	H: 37 years old [IQR 32.6,41.8]	Median: 5.1 years	AIDS prior to ARV treatment: White 43.5% Black 47.5% Hispanic 47.5%	Time from HAART initiation to death		All cause mortality*		AIDS-related mortality*
									RH	p-value	RH	p-value
								Black	Ref.		Ref.
								White	0.71	0.124	0.56	0.127
								Hispanic	0.81	0.307	1.01	0.985
								* adjusted for ARV use, age, AIDS-defining illness, nadir CD4, peak HIV viral load, HIV exposure category.
Silverberg 2009 (32)	1996-2005, Kaiser Permanente of Northern California (KPNC) California death certificates and Social Security Administration data sets.	HIV-positive individuals initiatine HAART at Kaiser Permanente Northern California between 1996-2005	N=4686 H: 14% (Among Hispanic, 90.5% were male)	White 42 years old (IQR 36,49) Black 41 years old (IQR 35,48) Hispanic 37 years old (IQR 33,44)	Median years f/u (IQR): White 4.7 (1.7-8.0) Black 3.4 (1.4-6.6) Hispanic 3.5 (1.4- 6.6)	AIDS prior to ARV initiation: White 58.0% Black 59.6% Hispanic 58.3%	Time from ARV initiation to all- cause mortality	All cause mortality* HR
								White	Ref
								Black	1.17 (0.8-1.7)
								Hispanic	0.90 (0.6-1.4)
								*adjusted for age, gender, year of ARV initiation, prior ARV, socioeconomic status, depression, Charlson Score, MSM status.
Giordano 2010 (14)	1999-2002, Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS (CPCRA) FIRST trial, 18 clinical trial units in the U.S.	≥13 years old. antiretroviral naive, randomly allocated to three ARV strategies: PI strategy (PI+NRTI); NNRTI strategy (NNRTI+NRTI);or 3-class strategy (PI+NNRTI+NRTI)	N=1397 M:79% H:17%	Median age of Hispanics 36.7 years	Median follow-up 5 years	Prior AIDS White 30.2% Black 41.1% Hispanic 40.8%	Time from HAART initiation to death		Unadjusted HR	Adjusted HR*
								White	Ref	Ref
								Black	1.56 (1.09-2.24)	1.38 (0.94-2.01)
								Hispanic	1.09 (0.66-1.79)	1.05 (0.64-1.74)
								*adjusted for age, gender, prior AIDS, injection drug use, hepatitis C coinfection, baseline CD4 cell count, HIV RNA level, and FIRST randomized strategy group

AOR adjusted odds ratio, ARV antiretroviral, CDC centers tor disease control and prevention, CSW commercial sex worker, H Hispanic, HAART highly active antiretroviral therapy, HR hazards ratio, IDU injection drug use, IQR interquartile range, M male, MSM men who have sex with men, N/A not applicable, NNRTI non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, NRTI nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor NR not reported, OR odds ratio, PI protease inhibitor, PUNA persons living with AIDS, Ref reference, RR relative risk, STI sexually transmitted infection

Color scheme grey-Hispanics with worse outcome