Figure 1.

Model for mechanisms of abiotic stress tolerance in codA expressing plants. Dotted arrows indicate possible involvement of H₂O₂ or GB in transcriptome changes and subsequent stress tolerance. codA-mediated conversion of choline into GB, releases H₂O₂ as byproduct. The H₂O₂ might activate stress related transcripts in transgenic plants and enhance stress tolerance. Such gene regulation can also be result of GB accumulation. Given the limited accumulation of GB in transgenic plants, stress related transcriptome changes might contribute to the observed effects of GB on stress tolerance.