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. 2011 Nov 1;6(11):1746–1751. doi: 10.4161/psb.6.11.17801

Table 1. Major roles of GB in transgenic plants under abiotic stresses*.

Plant species transformed Gene Phenotype Remark Reference
Arabidopsis thaliana
codA
Tolerance to various abiotic stresses
Protection against damage of membrane, enzyme activity, photosynthesis
2528
Oryza sativa
codA
Tolerance to salt, cold and drought stress
Protection against damage of membrane, enzyme activity, photosynthesis and yield loss; regulation of ROS detoxification and transcriptome changes
38, 55
Lycopersicon esculentum
codA
Cold, salt and oxidative stress tolerance
Protection of photosynthesis and reproductive organs; increased ROS detoxification
46, 47
Nicotiana tabacum
betA
Tolerance to salt and drought
Protection of photosynthesis
30
BADH
Tolerance to heat stress
Protection of rubisco activity
69
Triticum aestivum
BADH
Heat and drought tolerance
Protection of photosynthesis
42
 
 
 
 
 
Zea mays
betA
Cold and drought tolerance
Protection of photosynthesis and membrane integrity
68
Diospyras kaki
codA
Salt tolerance
Protection of photosynthesis
34
Solanum tuberosum
codA
Tolerance to salt, drought and oxidative stress
Protection of photosynthesis and membrane integrity
41
Gossypium hirsutum betA Drought tolerance Protection of membrane integrity 67
*

GB biosynthetic genes have been introduced in different transgenic plants by several researchers, however, for the sake of brevity, studies commented on role of GB, are listed here. Other studies are mentioned in text. Source of codA gene is Arthrobacter globiformis, while BADH genes are from spinach (ref. 69) and Artiplex (ref. 42). betA, E. coli gene encoding choline dehydrogenase.