Table 4. Excerpted definitions, subcategories and categories in the qualitative coding of the concept ‘gender’^*.

Excerpted definitions	“Gender being an individual's self-representation, shaped by biology as well as responses to environment, experiences and societal factors” (page 7) [49]	“Gender refers to the array of …. personality traits, attitudes, behaviours, values, … that society ascribes to the two sexes on a differential basis” (page 7) [48]	“Gender refers to the array of socially constructed roles and relationships, …….., relative power and influence that society ascribes to the two sexes on a differential basis” (page 7) [48]	“Gender or socially structured factors” (page 19) [29]	Gender as ‘socio-cultural aspects of health’ (page 20) [30]
	“gender, a uniquely human concept, as a person's self-representation as male or female, which is rooted in biology and shared by environment and experience” (page 13) [28]		“gender (nurture, environmental factors and experience)” (page 13) [28]	“Gender is used here to refer to the social construction of roles, responsibilities, opportunities, and expectations related to being either male or female.” (page 21) [29]
Subcategories	Self-representation and Dualism	Personality traits, Attitudes, Behaviours and Dualism	Relationships, Power, Environment and Dualism	Social constructions and Dualism	Socio-cultural aspects of health
Categories	Dualistic individualised focus		Dualistic societal approach		Gender and health

^*based on the 6 papers that defined ‘gender’.