Table 3.
Multivariable mixed effects logistic regression for the association between select risk factors and low birth weighta/pretermb birth for the study period 1989–94, Blantyre, Malawi
| Risk factorsc | ICAR, PAVE, PIP (1989–94)
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A*: Low birth weight
|
B*: Preterm birth
|
|||||
| AOR | 95% CI | P value | AOR | 95% CI | P value | |
| Birth year (per 1 calendar year) | 0.95 | 0.84, 1.07 | 0.38 | 0.35 | 0.19, 0.70 | 0.001 |
| Maternal age (per 1 year) | 0.98 | 0.96, 1.00 | 0.02 | 0.98 | 0.96, 1.00 | 0.03 |
| Maternal education | ||||||
| None (ref) | ||||||
| Grade 1–8 | 0.84 | 0.63, 1.12 | 0.24 | 0.91 | 0.69, 1.19 | 0.49 |
| Form 1 & above | 0.67 | 0.48, 0.95 | 0.02 | 0.70 | 0.51, 0.95 | 0.02 |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Other (ref) | ||||||
| Married | 1.63 | 0.76, 3.49 | 0.21 | 1.13 | 0.60, 2.13 | 0.71 |
| Infant gender | ||||||
| Male (ref) | ||||||
| Female | 1.11 | 0.91, 1.34 | 0.30 | 1.24 | 1.04, 1.48 | 0.02 |
AOR=adjusted odds ratio; CI=confidence interval; ref=reference category
a
<2500 g at birth;
b
<37 weeks gestational age;
c
Parity and husband’s education were not included in these models due to strong collinearity with maternal age and maternal education, respectively.
*
Model A: ICC = 0.01 and Model B: ICC = 0.62