Table 2.
Tobacco smoking, betel nut chewing and alcohol drinking vs. mortality at 3 and 5 years.
| Category | 3-years survival | 5-years survival | Cause of death |
|---|---|---|---|
| Non-smoker | 9/12 | 8/12 | Regional met |
| Ex-smoker | 4/6 | 3/6 | Non-cancer related |
| Chronic Smoker (< 5 cig/day) | 3/3 | 2/3 | Regional met |
| Chronic Smoker (5-9 cig/day) | 2/6 | 2/6 | Regional met |
| Chronic Smoker (10-14 cig/day) | 0/1 | 0/1 | Regional met |
| Chronic Smoker (15-19 cig/day) | 0/1 | 0/1 | Regional met |
| Chronic Smoker (≥ 20 cig/day) | 4/37 (P < 0.001) | 4/37 (P < 0.001) | Regional and distant met |
| Reduction of smoking | 10/12 (P < 0.001) | 9/12 (P < 0.001) | Regional and distant met |
| Cessation of smoking | 11/13 (P < 0.001) | 10/13 (P < 0.001) | Regional and distant met |
| Betel chewing | 2/6 | 1/6 | Regional and distant met |
| Non-drinker | 9/20 | 9/20 | Cancer and non-cancer |
| Ex-drinker | 1/1 | 1/1 | Cancer and non-cancer |
| Chronic drinker (< 10 u/week) | 2/2 | 2/2 | Cancer and non-cancer |
| Chronic drinker (10-20 u/week) | 3/9 | 4/9 | Non-cancer related |
| Chronic drinker (> 20 u/week) | 7/35 | 3/35 | Regional and distant met |
| Alcohol reduction | 10/15 (P < 0.001) | 9/15 (P < 0.001) | Non-cancer related |
| Alcohol cessation | 8/9 (P < 0.001) | 7/9 (P < 0.001) | Regional met |
Also the effect of smoking and drinking reduction/cessation on the mortality. Causes of death have been identified