Table 1.
Findings from 18 Published Alzheimer’s Disease Cybrid Studies
| Parameter | Number of studies concluding “Yes” | Number of studies concluding “No” |
|---|---|---|
| AD cybrids differ from control cybrids | 17 | 1 |
| Reduced cytochrome oxidase activity* | 9 | 1 |
| Complex I activity unchanged | 4 | 0 |
| Increased oxidative stress | 7 | 0 |
| Perturbed calcium handling | 2 | 0 |
| Altered mitochondrial morphology | 3 | 0 |
| Altered mitochondrial synthesis or degradation rate | 1 | 0 |
| Reduced ATP | 1 | 0 |
| Reduced/altered membrane potential | 6 | 0 |
| Mitochondrial mass unchanged | 4 | 0 |
| Increased apoptotic/reduced “viability” markers | 6 | 0 |
| Altered intracellular or stress signaling | 6 | 0 |
| Increased intra- and extracellular Aβ levels | 2 | 0 |
| Altered mitochondrial movement | 1 | 0 |
*
Three articles by Onyango et al. all report reduced COX activity, but are only counted once since the same cell lines are used in each paper. Similarly, the study of Trimmer and Borland includes a subset of previously reported cell lines, and so is not independently counted. AD, Alzheimer’s disease.