Table 5.
Spearman rank correlations [rs (n)] of (A) urinary PAHs and tobacco-specific biomarkers measured in urine and plasma of smokers in Poland and the US of the PAH exposure population, and (B) urinary PAHs and measures of nicotine intake from smokers of the PAH nicotine intake population
| 2-Naph | 1-Fluor | 2-Fluor | 3-Fluor | Sum of Fluor | 1-Phen | 2-Phen | 3+4-Phen | Sum of Phen | 1-HP | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. PAH Exposure | ||||||||||
| Urinary tobacco biomarkers | ||||||||||
| NIC | 0.47 (379) | 0.63 (254) | 0.49 (254) | 0.52 (254) | 0.52 (379) | 0.26 (254) | 0.19 (254) | 0.26 (254) | 0.20 (379) | 0.20 (379) |
| NNAL | 0.49 (382) | 0.64 (257) | 0.52 (257) | 0.56 (257) | 0.57 (382) | 0.22 (257) | 0.14 (257) | 0.25 (257) | 0.20 (382) | 0.30 (382) |
| COT | 0.61 (378) | 0.71 (253) | 0.64 (253) | 0.67 (253) | 0.65 (378) | 0.31 (253) | 0.25 (253) | 0.31 (253) | 0.26 (378) | 0.33 (378) |
| 3HC | 0.59 (379) | 0.63 (254) | 0.61 (254) | 0.64 (254) | 0.62 (379) | 0.33 (254) | 0.25 (254) | 0.31 (254) | 0.31 (379) | 0.36 (379) |
| NNO | 0.44 (254) | 0.44 (254) | 0.27 (254) | 0.23 (254) | 0.32 (254) | −0.01 (254)† | −0.27 (254) | −0.12 (254)† | −0.17 (254) | −0.03 (254) |
| CNO | 0.58 (254) | 0.50 (254) | 0.43 (254) | 0.42 (254) | 0.46 (254) | 0.07 (254)† | −0.02 (254)† | 0.00 (254)† | 0.00 (254)† | 0.22 (254) |
| NNIC | 0.59 (254) | 0.74 (254) | 0.61 (254) | 0.68 (254) | 0.70 (254) | 0.38 (254) | 0.37 (254) | 0.41 (254) | 0.40 (254) | 0.48 (254) |
| NCOT | 0.65 (254) | 0.73 (254) | 0.66 (254) | 0.70 (254) | 0.73 (254) | 0.37 (254) | 0.30 (254) | 0.37 (254) | 0.35 (254) | 0.49 (254) |
| Total NICeq | 0.66 (378) | 0.77 (253) | 0.69 (253) | 0.71 (253) | 0.71 (378) | 0.36 (253) | 0.26 (253) | 0.34 (253) | 0.32 (378) | 0.36 (378) |
| Plasma tobacco biomarkers | ||||||||||
| NIC | 0.53 (125) | - | - | - | 0.52 (125) | - | - | - | 0.29 (125) | 0.23 (125) |
| COT | 0.47 (125) | - | - | - | 0.54 (125) | - | - | - | 0.33 (125) | 0.26 (125) |
| 3HC | 0.54 (125) | - | - | - | 0.51 (125) | - | - | - | 0.39 (125) | 0.29 (125) |
| B: PAH Nicotine Intakea | ||||||||||
| NIC intake | 0.89 (18) | 0.94 (18) | 0.80 (18) | 0.91 (18) | 0.89 (18) | 0.66 (18) | 0.76 (18) | 0.80 (18) | 0.85 (18) | 0.51 (18) |
| CPD | 0.84 (17) | 0.82 (17) | 0.63 (17) | 0.70 (17) | 0.72 (17) | 0.72 (17) | 0.56 (17) | 0.58 (17) | 0.68 (17) | 0.65 (17) |
| Weight | 0.47 (16)† | 0.44 (16)† | 0.41 (16)† | 0.35 (16)† | 0.36 (16)† | 0.10 (16)† | 0.27 916)† | 0.33 (16)† | 0.35 (16)† | 0.59 (16) |
| Urine NNAL | 0.54 (18) | 0.61 (18) | 0.44 (18)† | 0.60 (18) | 0.56 (18) | 0.61 (18) | 0.55 (18) | 0.54 (18) | 0.55 (18) | 0.42 (18)† |
| Urine COT | 0.55 (18) | 0.51 (18) | 0.63 (18) | 0.46 (18)† | 0.59 (18) | 0.54 (18) | 0.68 (18) | 0.51 (18) | 0.57 (18) | 0.45 (18)† |
†
Correlations are not significant (p > 0.05); NIC = nicotine; COT = cotinine; 3HC = 3-hydroxycotinine; NNO = nicotine N-oxide; CNO = cotinine N-oxide; NNIC = nornicotine; NCOT = norcotinine; NNAL = 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol;
a
PAHs and NNAL were measured in pmol/24h, COT in nmol/24h; weight is weight of cigarettes smoked