Table 3.
Mean improvements and mean difference in change scores from baseline to post-intervention and from post-intervention to three month follow-up
| Measure | Mean change (95% CI) post-intervention | Mean difference in change scores (95% CI) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SPARX* group | Treatment as usual group | ||||
| Baseline to post-intervention | |||||
| Primary outcome: CDRS-R: | |||||
| PP n=143 | 10.32 (8.15 to 12.48) | 7.59 (5.43 to 9.75) | 2.73 (−0.31 to 5.77) | 0.079 | |
| ITT n=187 | 9.05 (7.07 to 11.03) | 7.45 (5.46 to 9.45) | 1.60 (−1.21 to 4.41) | 0.264 | |
| Secondary outcomes: | |||||
| RADS-2: | |||||
| PP n=143 | 11.20 (8.50 to 13.91) | 7.55 (4.86 to 10.25) | 3.65 (−0.15 to 7.45) | 0.060 | |
| ITT n=187 | 9.78 (7.12 to 12.43) | 7.16 (4.54 to 9.79) | 2.62 (−1.04 to 6.27) | 0.161 | |
| MFQ: | |||||
| PP n=143 | 10.64 (8.22 to 13.06) | 6.90 (4.49 to 9.31) | 3.74 (0.33 to 7.16) | 0.032 | |
| ITT n=187 | 8.90 (6.56 to 11.24) | 6.08 (3.60 to 8.57) | 2.81 (−0.72 to 6.35) | 0.118 | |
| PQ-LES-Q: | |||||
| PP n=143 | 5.71 (3.95 to 7.47) | 3.47 (1.72 to 5.23) | 2.23 (−0.24 to 4.71) | 0.077 | |
| ITT n=187 | 5.01 (3.40 to 6.63) | 3.14 (1.43 to 4.85) | 1.87 (−0.51 to 4.26) | 0.124 | |
| Kazdin HPLS: | |||||
| PP n=143 | 2.37 (1.57 to 3.18) | 1.16 (0.36 to 1.96) | 1.22 (0.09 to 2.35) | 0.035 | |
| ITT n=187 | 1.84 (1.07 to 2.62) | 1.15 (0.41 to 1.89) | 0.69 (−0.41 to 1.79) | 0.218 | |
| SCAS (total): | |||||
| PP n=143 | 9.18 (6.76 to 11.60) | 6.09 (3.67 to 8.50) | 3.09 (−0.31 to 6.50) | 0.075 | |
| ITT n=187 | 8.50 (6.05 to 10.94) | 5.69 (3.28 to 8.11) | 2.80 (−0.53 to 6.13) | 0.099 | |
| Separation anxiety: | |||||
| PP n=143 | 1.10 (0.60 to 1.61) | 0.58 (0.08 to 1.09) | 0.52 (−0.19 to 1.23) | 0.153 | |
| ITT n=187 | 0.94 (0.44 to 1.44) | 0.43 (−0.12 to 0.99) | 0.51 (−0.22 to 1.23) | 0.170 | |
| Social phobia: | |||||
| PP n=143 | 1.51 (0.85 to 2.16) | 1.37 (0.72 to 2.02) | 0.14 (−0.78 to 1.05) | 0.773 | |
| ITT n=187 | 1.25 (0.64 to 1.87) | 1.51 (0.87 to 2.15) | −0.26 (−1.14 to 0.62) | 0.566 | |
| Obsessive-compulsive disorder: | |||||
| PP n=143 | 1.79 (1.12 to 2.45) | 0.91 (0.25 to 1.57) | 0.88 (−0.05 to 1.81) | 0.065 | |
| ITT n=187 | 1.72 (1.14 to 2.30) | 0.82 (0.25 to 1.40) | 0.89 (0.09 to 1.70) | 0.030 | |
| Panic/agoraphobia: | |||||
| PP n=143 | 2.06 (1.36 to 2.77) | 1.59 (0.89 to 2.30) | 0.47 (−0.52 to 1.47) | 0.352 | |
| ITT n=187 | 1.84 (1.19 to 2.50) | 1.56 (0.88 to 2.23) | 0.29 (−0.67 to 1.24) | 0.553 | |
| Physical injury fears: | |||||
| PP n=143 | 0.61 (0.22 to 1.00) | 0.55 (0.16 to 0.94) | 0.06 (−0.49 to 0.61) | 0.475 | |
| ITT n=187 | 0.65 (0.29 to 1.02) | 0.53 (0.15 to 0.90) | 0.13 (−0.39 to 0.65) | 0.632 | |
| Generalised anxiety: | |||||
| PP n=143 | 2.09 (1.48 to 2.69) | 1.18 (0.58 to 1.79) | 0.91 (0.06 to 1.75) | 0.037 | |
| ITT n=187 | 1.84 (1.27 to 2.41) | 1.11 (0.55 to 1.67) | 0.73 (−0.06 to 1.52) | 0.069 | |
| Post-intervention to three month follow-up | |||||
| Primary outcome: CDRS-R: | |||||
| PP n=143 | 4.68 (2.50 to 6.86) | 5.95 (3.79 to 8.12) | −1.28 (−4.35 to 1.79) | 0.412 | |
| ITT n=187 | 4.96 (2.87 to 7.05) | 5.70 (3.65 to 7.76) | −0.75 (−3.61 to 2.12) | 0.609 | |
| Secondary outcomes | |||||
| RADS-2: | |||||
| PP n=143 | 4.57 (1.58 to 7.59) | 7.48 (4.48 to 10.48) | −2.91 (−7.17 to 1.34) | 0.178 | |
| ITT n=187 | 4.51 (1.55 to 7.47) | 6.79 (3.91 to 9.66) | −2.28 (−6.41 to 1.86) | 0.280 | |
| MFQ: | |||||
| PP n=143 | 3.04 (0.53 to 5.56) | 5.47 (2.96 to 7.96) | −2.42 (−5.97 to 1.12) | 0.179 | |
| ITT n=187 | 3.33 (0.99 to 5.67) | 5.04 (2.74 to 7.35) | −1.71 (−5.05 to 1.62) | 0.314 | |
| PQ-LES-Q: | |||||
| PP n=143 | 1.82 (0.16 to 3.80) | 3.85 (1.88 to 5.81) | −2.03 (−4.82 to 0.76) | 0.152 | |
| ITT n=187 | 1.85 (0.02 to 3.68) | 3.62 (1.80 to 5.43) | −1.77 (−0.81 to 4.34) | 0.179 | |
| Kazdin HPLS: | |||||
| PP n=143 | 0.66 (0.10 to 1.41) | 1.67 (0.92 to 2.42) | −1.01 (−2.08 to 0.06) | 0.063 | |
| ITT n=187 | 0.70 (0.03 to 1.38) | 1.46 (0.76 to 2.15) | −0.75 (−1.68 to 0.18) | 0.112 | |
| SCAS (total): | |||||
| PP n=143 | 3.95 (1.48 to 6.42) | 4.57 (2.12 to 7.02) | −0.62 (−4.10 to 2.86) | 0.726 | |
| ITT n=187 | 3.26 (1.01 to 5.51) | 3.72 (1.40 to 6.05) | −0.46 (−3.68 to 2.76) | 0.778 | |
| Separation anxiety: | |||||
| PP n=143 | 0.76 (0.23 to 1.30) | 0.72 (0.19 to 1.25) | 0.04 (−0.71 to 0.80) | 0.914 | |
| ITT n=187 | 0.66 (0.19 to 1.13) | 0.66 (0.15 to 1.17) | 0 (−0.68 to 0.69) | 0.998 | |
| Social phobia: | |||||
| PP n=143 | 0.61 (0.02 to 1.23) | 0.40 (0.22 to 1.02) | 0.21 (−0.67 to 1.09) | 0.640 | |
| ITT n=187 | 0.55 (−0.05 to 1.15) | 0.10 (−0.48 to 0.68) | 0.44 (−0.40 to 1.28) | 0.299 | |
| Obsessive-compulsive disorder: | |||||
| PP n=143 | 1.17 (0.54 to 1.80) | 1.46 (0.84 to 2.09) | −0.29 (−1.18 to 0.60) | 0.516 | |
| ITT n=187 | 0.95 (0.39 to 1.51) | 1.40 (0.83 to 1.97) | −0.45 (−1.25 to 0.35) | 0.268 | |
| Panic/agoraphobia: | |||||
| PP n=143 | 0.72 (0.02 to 1.46) | 0.63 (0.10 to 1.36) | 0.09 (−0.95 to 1.13) | 0.867 | |
| ITT n=187 | 0.58 (−0.09 to 1.25) | 0.57 (−0.09 to 1.22) | 0.02 (−0.94 to 0.97) | 0.975 | |
| Physical injury fears: | |||||
| PP n=143 | 0.13 (−0.32 to 0.58) | 0.04 (−0.40 to 0.48) | 0.09 (−0.54 to 0.72) | 0.781 | |
| ITT n=187 | 0.03 (−0.44 to 0.37) | 0.01 (−0.41 to 0.40) | 0.02 (−0.59 to 0.55) | 0.934 | |
| Generalised anxiety: | |||||
| PP n=143 | 0.61 (0.04 to 1.27) | 1.26 (0.61 to 1.90) | −0.64 (−1.56 to 0.28) | 0.170 | |
| ITT n=187 | 0.54 (−0.08 to 1.16) | 1.10 (0.49 to 1.70) | −0.56 (−1.42 to 0.31) | 0.209 | |
PP=per protocol population; ITT=intention to treat population.
Means and confidence intervals are derived from the linear mixed modelling analysis. Positive values favour SPARX (negative values favour treatment as usual).
*Computerised cognitive behavioural therapy intervention.