Table 1.
Estimated U.S. Prevalence of Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA) and Estimated Prevalence Odds Ratios for ANA Associations with Selected Sociodemographic Variables
| Characteristic | No.* | No.* ANA+ |
% ANA + (95% CI) |
Age-Adjusted POR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 4754 | 670 | 13.8 (12.2–15.5) | |
| Age, years | ||||
| 12–19 | 1190 | 146 | 11.2 (7.8–14.6) | 1.00 (reference) |
| 20–29 | 686 | 90 | 13.1 (9.6–16.7) | 1.20 (0.74–1.93) |
| 30–39 | 642 | 93 | 13.4 (9.5–17.3) | 1.23 (0.75–2.02) |
| 40–49 | 581 | 66 | 11.5 (8.5–14.4) | 1.03 (0.72–1.46) |
| 50–59 | 478 | 87 | 17.4 (13.2–21.7) | 1.68 (1.13–2.48) |
| 60–69 | 525 | 68 | 13.8 (8.7–18.9) | 1.27 (0.77–2.08) |
| 70+ | 652 | 120 | 19.2 (15.0–23.4) | 1.88 (1.17–3.02) |
| P Value† | 0.01 | |||
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 2285 | 244 | 9.6 (7.6–11.6) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Female | 2469 | 426 | 17.8 (15.5–20.1) | 2.02 (1.57–2.60) |
| P Value† | <0.001 | |||
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 2118 | 293 | 13.7 (11.7–15.7) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Non-Hispanic black | 994 | 155 | 16.5 (13.5–19.4) | 1.30 (1.00–1.70) |
| Mexican American | 1246 | 168 | 12.8 (10.3–15.3) | 1.00 (0.78–1.29) |
| Other | 396 | 54 | 12.8 (8.5–17.2) | 0.96 (0.65–1.42) |
| P Value† | 0.35 | |||
| Educational attainment, years | ||||
| 0–8 | 697 | 106 | 13.6 (9.6–17.6) | 1.00 (reference) |
| 9–11 | 848 | 104 | 13.2 (10.5–15.9) | 1.01 (0.65–1.56) |
| HS diploma/GED | 1068 | 141 | 13.1 (10.4–15.7) | 1.02 (0.74–1.41) |
| Some college | 1152 | 171 | 14.7 (12.0–17.4) | 1.19 (0.81–1.74) |
| College or post graduate | 815 | 112 | 13.0 (10.1–16.0) | 1.01 (0.65–1.57) |
| P Value† | 0.89 | |||
| Family income to poverty level ratio | ||||
| At or above poverty ≥1 | 3370 | 477 | 13.7 (11.9–15.4) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Below poverty <1 | 982 | 125 | 13.9 (10.7–17.2) | 1.08 (0.84–1.39) |
| P Value† | 0.86 | |||
ANA = antinuclear antibodies; + = positive; POR = prevalence odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; HS = High School; GED = General Educational Development.
No. reflects the number of subjects within the sample, not an estimated count for the U.S. population.
For sex, race/ethnicity, and family income to poverty level ratio, the P Value for the Wald χ2 test investigates the general association among ANA+ and levels of the population characteristics. For age and educational attainment, the P Value for the trend test investigates the linear association among ANA+ and levels of the population characteristics.