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Bar graphs showing increases [changes in (Δ)] in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and integrated renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) during the intrapericardial application of bradykinin (BK) before and after microinjection of 50 nl of vehicle in five animals (A and B) and kynurenic acid (Kyn; 25 mM) in seven animals (C and D) into the external lataral parabrachial nucleus (elPBN) of vagotomized animals. Values are means ± SE. *P < 0.05 compared with control (ctrl).
