Fig. 2.
Pressure-volume (PV) loop studies in anesthetized rats confirmed that the increase in left ventricle (LV) systolic function in α1A-transgenic (TG) rats is intrinsic and load independent. *Significant differences between the TGs and nontransgenic littermates (NTLs). The number of animals (n) is shown in parentheses. Values are means ± SE. A: example of PV loops in response to inferior vena cava constriction showing the linearity of the end-systolic PV relationship. B–D: end-systolic elastance (Ees), time-varying maximum elastance (Emax), and preload recruitable stroke work (PRSW), respectively.