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. 2012 Apr 13;61(5):1281–1290. doi: 10.2337/db11-1549

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© 2012 by the American Diabetes Association.

Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ for details.

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FIG. 5. — Quantitative PCR (qPCR) validation of monocyte gene expression profiles in recent-onset type 1 diabetes. The expression of 9 group B–regulated genes was quantified by real time qPCR in CD14⁺ monocytes, relative to hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase expression. Relative expression values for each gene were normalized to the gene’s median expression across all samples. Genes and samples were clustered by Spearman correlation (A). Group A and group B patients were classified previously by microarray. D denotes recent-onset patients who were followed from diagnosis with monocyte sampling at 3 months, but not profiled by microarray. IDAA1c corresponding to each patient profile in A recorded 3 (circles) and 6 (squares) months postdiagnosis (B) is shown. Missing data arose when patients missed a clinic visit or commenced a basal/bolus or insulin pump regimen. Relative expression of DDIT4 (C) and ADM (D) in the patient cohort depicted in A and B is shown. Transcript detection rates appear in parentheses. HC, healthy control subjects.