Table 1.
Clinical, hemodynamic, and echocardiographic features of all patients and patient subgroups.
| Variables | All patients (n = 222) | Outcomes*, no (n = 197) | Outcomes, yes (n = 25) | P value† |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, year | 67 ± 8 | 66 ± 8 | 71 ± 7 | <0.01 |
| Men | 78% | 79% | 76% | NS |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.1 ± 3.2 | 24.1 ± 3.3 | 24.3 ± 2.8 | NS |
| Hypertension | 49% | 52% | 29% | <0.05 |
| Diabetes | 40% | 39% | 50% | NS |
| Dyslipidemia | 86% | 84% | 96% | NS |
| Previous myocardial infarction | 60% | 59% | 68% | NS |
| Previous coronary revascularization | 46% | 45% | 56% | NS |
| Coronary revascularization after the index cardiac catheterization | 23% | 22% | 32% | NS |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dL | 0.84 ± 0.20 | 0.84 ± 0.20 | 0.86 ± 0.20 | NS |
| Medications | ||||
| Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers | 43% | 45% | 32% | NS |
| β-blocker | 41% | 42% | 38% | NS |
| Calcium blocker | 32% | 34% | 20% | NS |
| Statin | 58% | 56% | 79% | <0.05 |
| Antiplatelet agents | 81% | 80% | 92% | NS |
| Number of coronary arteries narrowed‡ | NS | |||
| 0 | 25% | 26% | 12% | |
| 1 | 26% | 24% | 40% | |
| >1 | 49% | 49% | 48% | |
| Heart rate, beat/min | 68 ± 12 | 68 ± 12 | 65 ± 12 | NS |
| Systolic aortic pressure, mmHg | 139 ± 25 | 139 ± 25 | 140 ± 21 | NS |
| Diastolic aortic pressure, mmHg | 68 ± 11 | 69 ± 11 | 65 ± 11 | NS |
| Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, mmHg | 14.4 ± 5.4 | 14.3 ± 5.2 | 15.0 ± 5.9 | NS |
| Relaxation time constant (Tau), ms | 46.4 ± 9.1 | 46.0 ± 9.1 | 49.5 ± 8.4 | 0.06 |
| Left ventricular end-diastolic volume index, mL/m2 | 85.2 ± 21.0 | 84.5 ± 21.4 | 90.1 ± 22.7 | NS |
| Left ventricular end-systolic volume index, mL/m2 | 34.0 ± 19.2 | 33.5 ± 19.4 | 37.6 ± 18.0 | NS |
| Ejection fraction | 62 ± 13% | 62 ± 13% | 60 ± 11% | NS |
| Echocardiographic indices | ||||
| E/A | 0.84 ± 0.41 | 0.84 ± 0.42 | 0.82 ± 0.34 | NS |
| Deceleration time, ms | 211 ± 50 | 213 ± 51 | 200 ± 45 | NS |
| e′ cm/s | 7.0 ± 2.0 | 7.1 ± 2.1 | 6.4 ± 1.7 | 0.06 |
| E/e′ | 9.6 ± 3.3 | 9.5 ± 3.4 | 10.0 ± 2.8 | NS |
| Left ventricular mass index, g/m2¶ | 108.6 ± 27.6 | 107.2 ± 26.9 | 121.6 ± 30.9 | 0.05 |
Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation or frequency.
*Outcomes were defined as cardiac death (acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death) or unscheduled admission for cardiovascular causes.
†Outcomes yes versus no.
‡Narrowed coronary artery was defined as major epicardial artery with ≥75% stenosis on angiogram.
¶Left ventricular mass was available in 152 patients.