Table 3.

Ongoing phase-III RCTs concerning non-metastatic gastric cancer surgery (from the trials registry of the United States National Institutes of Health; http://www.clinicaltrial.gov)

Topic	Title of trial	Institution	Estimated enrollment	Study start year	Registration identifier
Traditional controversies
Extension of resection	GCSSG-SPNX: Trial to Evaluate Splenectomy in Total Gastrectomy for Proximal Gastric Carcinoma: JCOG0110	Japan Clinical Oncology Group-Japan	500	2002	NCT00112099[28]
Extension of lymphadenectomy	A Comparison Between D1 and D2 Lymphadenectomy in Gastric Cancer: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial	Tata Memorial Hospital-India	600	2007	NCT00447746[46]
Minimally invasive approach
Laparoscopic resection	Prospective Randomized Trial of Laparoscopy-Assisted Distal Gastrectomy (LADG) Versus Open Distal Gastrectomy (ODG) in Patients With Early Gastric Cancer (EGC)	National Cancer Center-Korea	164	2003	NCT00546468[100]
	Multi-Institutional Prospective Randomized Trial on the Assessment of Laparoscopic Surgery for Gastric Cancer	National Cancer Center-Korea	1400	2006	NCT00452751[101]
Surgery in multimodal strategy
Pre-operative chemotherapy	Randomized Phase III Trial of Surgery Plus Neoadjuvant TS-1 and Cisplatin Compared With Surgery Alone for Type 4 and Large Type 3 Gastric Cancer: Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study (JCOG 0501)	Japan Clinical Oncology Group-Japan	316	2005	NCT00252161[123]
	A Multicenter Randomized Phase III Trial of Neo-Adjuvant Chemotherapy Followed by Surgery and Chemotherapy or by Surgery and Chemoradiotherapy in Resectable Gastric Cancer (CRITICS Study)	Dutch Colorectal Cancer Group-Netherlands	788	2006	NCT00407186[125]
	A Randomized Controlled Phase II/III Trial of Peri-Operative Chemotherapy With or Without Bevacizumab in Operable Adenocarcinoma of the Stomach and Gastro Oesophageal Junction	Medical Research Council-United Kingdom	1100	2007	NCT00450203[124]