Table 3.
Effects of covariables on BP control, SBP and DBP (N=31 581)
| BP control* |
SBP† |
DBP† |
|||||||
| Adjusted β | SE | p Value | Adjusted β | SE | p Value | Adjusted β | SE | p Value | |
| Fixed effects | |||||||||
| Final status | |||||||||
| Intercept | 0.54 | 0.05 | <0.0001 | 137.93 | 0.14 | <0.0001 | 80.01 | 0.09 | <0.0001 |
| Group (ref. control) | 0.65 | 0.06 | <0.0001 | −1.77 | 0.17 | <0.0001 | −0.78 | 0.10 | <0.0001 |
| Gender (ref. male) | 0.14 | 0.05 | 0.006 | −0.11 | 0.14 | 0.434 | −0.60 | 0.09 | <0.0001 |
| Number of antihypertensive drugs (ref. 1 drug) | |||||||||
| 0 drugs | 0.16 | 0.08 | 0.049 | −0.53 | 0.18 | 0.004 | 0.01 | 0.11 | 0.898 |
| 2 drugs | −0.44 | 0.05 | <0.0001 | 0.89 | 0.12 | <0.0001 | −0.31 | 0.08 | <0.0001 |
| ≥3 drugs | −0.69 | 0.07 | <0.0001 | 1.49 | 0.17 | <0.0001 | −0.79 | 0.10 | <0.0001 |
| Comorbidity (ref. no) | −3.92 | 0.06 | <0.0001 | 1.49 | 0.13 | <0.0001 | −1.42 | 0.08 | <0.0001 |
| Cardiovascular event (ref. no) | 0.51 | 0.06 | <0.0001 | −1.05 | 0.16 | <0.0001 | −2.01 | 0.10 | <0.0001 |
| Rate of change | |||||||||
| Time | −0.21 | 0.04 | <0.0001 | 0.93 | 0.11 | <0.0001 | −0.29 | 0.07 | <0.0001 |
| Time × group | 0.80 | 0.06 | <0.0001 | −2.51 | 0.15 | <0.0001 | −0.78 | 0.09 | <0.0001 |
| Time × number of antihypertensive drugs (ref. 1 drug) | |||||||||
| 0 drugs | −0.12 | 0.10 | 0.217 | 0.30 | 0.24 | 0.206 | 0.31 | 0.14 | 0.028 |
| 2 drugs | 0.26 | 0.06 | <0.0001 | −0.92 | 0.16 | <0.0001 | −0.52 | 0.09 | <0.0001 |
| ≥3 drugs | 0.34 | 0.09 | <0.0001 | −2.09 | 0.21 | <0.0001 | −1.04 | 0.12 | <0.0001 |
| BP control* |
SBP† |
DBP† |
|||||||
| Variance | SE | p Value | Variance | SE | p Value | Variance | SE | p Value | |
| Random effects | |||||||||
| Level 1 | |||||||||
| Within-person (residual) | 26.65 | 0.15 | <0.0001 | 9.65 | 0.05 | <0.0001 | |||
| Level 2 | |||||||||
| In final status (intercept) | 12.64 | 0.24 | <0.0001 | 165.83 | 1.48 | <0.0001 | 67.20 | 0.59 | <0.0001 |
| In rate of change (time) | 104.35 | 1.26 | <0.0001 | 36.14 | 0.44 | <0.0001 | |||
| Covariance | 53.74 | 1.06 | <0.0001 | 20.30 | 0.40 | <0.0001 | |||
| Goodness of fit | |||||||||
| Deviance | 115 503 | 906 066.8 | 780 098.3 | ||||||
| AIC | 115 531 | 906 100.8 | 780 132.3 | ||||||
| BIC | 115 648 | 906 243.0 | 780 274.4 | ||||||
Mixed-effects models of repeated measures (phases 1–4). Time was patient's age centred at 1-year follow-up (final status).
*
SAS Proc Nlmixed.
†
SAS Proc mixed, full ML.
AIC, Akaike's Information Criterion; BIC, Bayesian Information Criterion; BP, blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; ref., Reference; SBP, systolic blood pressure.