Table 1.
Baseline Demographic and Clinical Constitution of the Women from Analysis 1 by HOMA-IR Quartile
| Lowest quartile | Second quartile | Third quartile | Highest quartile | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HOMA-IR range | 0.29–1.29 | 1.30–2.12 | 2.13–3.61 | 4.30–49.70 | |
| Sample size | 388 | 386 | 390 | 383 | |
| Age, mean±SD | 40.1±9.7 | 39.6±9.4 | 41.1±8.5 | 42.3±9.9 | 0.00031 |
| Education | 0.00072 | ||||
| Grades 7–11 | 34% | 35% | 33% | 37% | |
| Completed high school | 30% | 30% | 31% | 37% | |
| Some college | 25% | 30% | 26% | 23% | |
| Completed 4 years of college | 8% | 4% | 9% | 3% | |
| Attended/completed graduate | 4% | 1% | 2% | 1% | |
| Race | |||||
| White (non-Hispanic) | 51 (13.1%) | 41 (10.6%) | 52 (13.3%) | 29 (7.6%) | 0.0112 |
| White (Hispanic) | 29 (7.5%) | 45 (11.7%) | 38 (9.7%) | 36 (9.4%) | |
| African-American (non-Hispanic) | 248 (63.9%) | 227 (58.8%) | 235 (60.3%) | 223 (58.2%) | |
| African-American (Hispanic) | 16 (4.1%) | 11 (2.8%) | 8 (2.1%) | 16 (4.2%) | |
| Other (Hispanic) | 35 (9.0%) | 47 (12.2%) | 48 (12.3%) | 66 (17.2%) | |
| API | 5 (1.3%) | 4 (1.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (0.5%) | |
| Native American/Alaskan | 1 (0.3%) | 2 (0.5%) | 2 (0.5%) | 5 (1.3%) | |
| Other | 3 (0.8%) | 9 (2.3%) | 7 (1.8%) | 6 (1.6%) | |
| Primary language, % English | 98% | 93% | 94% | 94% | 0.0162 |
| HIV status, % HIV+ | 67% | 70% | 73% | 74% | 0.00252 |
| Primary HIV risk factor | 0.0972 | ||||
| Intravenous drug use | 18% | 17% | 23% | 25% | |
| Heterosexual risk | 36% | 40% | 37% | 37% | |
| Transfusion risk | 2% | 2% | 2% | 2% | |
| No identified risk | 44% | 41% | 39% | 35% | |
| Current use of heroin or cocaine | 15% | 11% | 8% | 9% | 0.00742 |
| Metabolic parameters | |||||
| BMI, mean±SD | 25.0±5.42 | 27.4±6.1 | 30.8±7.4 | 32.5±8.81 | <0.00011 |
| Hypertension | 33% | 33% | 39% | 54% | <0.00012 |
| Current smoker | 51% | 49% | 39% | 43% | 0.0292 |
| Fasting cholesterol (mg/dl), mean±SD | 173±40 | 173±38 | 176±42 | 178±42 | 0.0201 |
| HIV parameters | |||||
| On antiretroviral therapy | 59% | 61% | 64% | 70% | 0.0492 |
| CD4 count, mean±SD | 467±309 | 500±325 | 526±322 | 554±332 | 0.00741 |
| Plasma HIV RNA, mean±SD | 28,300±155,000 | 18,600±65,900 | 17,800±61,400 | 22,500±136,000 | 0.00751 |
| Hepatitis C positive RNA | 14% | 16% | 18% | 24% | 0.00112 |
p-values for differences among groups by 1Mann–Whitney test or 2Chi-square test.
HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance;
API, Asian and Pacific Islander; BMI, body mass index.