Table 2.
Rest and maximum central and peripheral hemodynamic reponses as well as ventilation responses in response to passive movement in the M+VF, M-VF, and F protocols
| Rest | Maximum | Absolute Change From Rest | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ventilation, l/min | |||
| M+VF | 9 ± 0.1 | 14 ± 0.2* (45) | 5 |
| M-VF | 8 ± 0.1 | 13 ± 0.1* (43) | 5 |
| F | 8 ± 0.1 | 12 ± 0.2* (40) | 4 |
| Cardiac output, l/min | |||
| M+VF | 7.2 ± 0.1 | 7.8 ± 0.1 | 0.6 |
| M-VF | 6.7 ± 0.1 | 7.3 ± 0.2 | 0.6 |
| F | 6.9 ± 0.1 | 7.2 ± 0.1 | 0.3 |
| Heart rate, beats/min | |||
| M+VF | 64 ± 0.3 | 69 ± 0.3 | 5 |
| M-VF | 63 ± 0.2 | 67 ± 0.2 | 4 |
| F | 62 ± 0.3 | 66 ± 0.3 | 4 |
| Stroke volume, ml | |||
| M+VF | 109 ± 0.8 | 115 ± 0.9 | 6 |
| M-VF | 102 ± 0.4 | 106 ± 0.5 | 4 |
| F | 108 ± 0.5 | 111 ± 0.7 | 3 |
| Mean arterial pressure, mmHg | |||
| M+VF | 97 ± 0.4 | 93 ± 0.6* (29) | −4 |
| M-VF | 98 ± 0.3 | 96 ± 0.5 | −2 |
| F | 97 ± 0.4 | 96 ± 0.5 | −1 |
| Passive leg blood flowm ml/min | |||
| M+VF | 127 ± 5.6 | 253 ± 25* (17) | 126 |
| M-VF | 131 ± 3.6 | 240 ± 31* (17) | 109 |
| F | 124 ± 4.9 | 156 ± 23† | 32 |
| Passive leg vascular conductance, ml·min−1·mmHg−1 | |||
| M+VF | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 2.6 ± 0.2* (17) | 1.3 |
| M-VF | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 2.5 ± 0.2* (21) | 1.2 |
| F | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 1.5 ± 0.2† | 0.3 |
| Control leg blood flow, ml/min | |||
| M+VF | 183 ± 4.7 | 240 ± 75 | 57 |
| M-VF | 172 ± 4.1 | 210 ± 90 | 38 |
| F | 138 ± 4.5 | 184 ± 68 | 46 |
| Control leg vascular conductance, ml·min−1·mmHg−1 | |||
| M+VF | 1.9 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.2* (20) | −0.6 |
| M-VF | 1.8 ± 0.1 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | −0.4 |
| F | 1.5 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | −0.2 |
Data are means ± SE. The M+VF protocol consisted of passive limb movement with visual feedback. The M-VF protocol was identical to the M+VF protocol with the exception that there was no visual feedback. In the F protocol, there was no passive limb movement and no visual feedback, but subjects perceived that their leg was moving.
*
Maximum values were significantly different from baseline;
†
significant difference between exercise conditions. The times required to reach the maximum value (if significantly different from baseline) are shown parentheses.