Table 3. Demographic, atopy, and exposures study characteristics for cases of laboratory confirmed influenza and controls.
| Cases with influenza infection (n=8) | Controls with no influenza infection (n=73) | p-valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age – mo. | 25.3 | 23.2 | 0.43 |
| Sex – no. (%) Male Female |
4 (50%) 4 (50%) |
41 (54.7%) 34 (45.3%) |
1.00 |
| Race – no. (%) European-American African-American Mixed |
8 (100%) 0 0 |
69 (94.5%) 2 (2.7%) 2 (2.7%) |
1.00 |
| Season bornb - no. (%) Spring Summer Fall Winter |
4 (50.0%) 2 (25.0%) 1 (12.5%) 1 (12.5%) |
23 (31.5%) 19 (26.0%) 15 (20.6%) 16 (21.9%) |
0.82 |
| No. of children in home – no. (%) One Two ≥Three |
1 (12.5%) 3 (37.5%) 4 (50.0%) |
4 (5.6%) 31 (43.7%) 36 (50.7%) |
0.58 |
| Born premature (<36 wks) – no. (%) | 0 | 9 (12.5%) | 0.59 |
| Breastfeed – no. (%) | 8 (100%) | 53 (72.6%) | 0.19 |
| Live in home with pet(s)a – no. (%) | 4 (57.1%) | 32 (60.4%) | 1.00 |
| Live in home with smoker(s) – no. (%) | 2 (25.0%) | 4 (5.6%) | 0.11 |
| Patient or sibling attends daycare – no. (%) | 6 (75.0%) | 62 (82.7%) | 0.63 |
| Personal history of asthma/wheezing – no. (%) | 3 (37.5%) | 30 (40.5%) | 1.00 |
| Personal history of atopy – no. (%) | 4 (50.0%) | 20 (27.4%) | 0.29 |
| Maternal history of asthma/wheezing – no. (%)c | 1 (12.5%) | 15 (21.1%) | 1.00 |
| Maternal history of atopy – no. (%)c | 6 (75.0%) | 43 (60.6%) | 0.70 |
| 1st degree relative history of asthma/wheezing – no. (%)c | 1 (12.5%) | 25 (35.2%) | 0.26 |
| 1st degree relative history atopy – no. (%)c | 5 (62.5%) | 49 (69.0%) | 0.70 |
| 2nd degree relative history of asthma/wheezing – no. (%)c | 3 (37.5%) | 20 (28.2%) | 0.69 |
| 2nd degree relative history atopy – no. (%)c | 4 (50.0%) | 35 (49.3%) | 1.00 |
a
Fisher’s exact test or t-test
b
Spring = March, April, May; Summer = June, July, August; Fall = September, October, November; Winter = December, January, February
c
2 adopted children were removed before analysis.