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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Apr 23.
Published in final edited form as: Am Heart J. 2008 Oct;156(4):682–688. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2008.05.001

Table IV.

Breakdown of study costs (efficacy studies only)

Contract research organization 70.5%
Site management 25.1
Project management 21.1
Travel 6.2
Data management 4.9
Manuscript preparation 4.9
Pre-study preparation 4.2
Randomization 2.4
Other 1.7

Sponsor 19.0%
Investigator site 10.9%
Central laboratory 1.7%

Sponsor costs are net pharmaceutical costs and represent the net costs of outsourcing clinical studies (external pharmaceutical costs) versus performing clinical studies internally (internal pharmaceutical costs).