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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2012 May 1;60(1):99–110. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31824aeaaa

Table 4.

STRATA. Association of Factors with HIV-1 RNA Level (log10 copies/mL) in CVLat individual patient visits, stratified by Plasma HIV-RNA(PVL), Univariate and Multivariate analyses

Plasma HIV-1 RNA < 80 copies/mL Plasma HIV-1 RNA ≥ 80 copies/mL PVL<80 (N=132) PVL ≥80 (N=665)
Univariateb Univariateb Multivariatec Multivariatec
Factora No. No. (%) β (SE) P No. No. (%) β (SE) P β (SE) P β (SE) P
Antiretroviral therapy 177 747
No therapy 25 (14.1) Ref 276 (14.1) Ref Ref - -
Monotherapy 8 (4.5) −0.36 (0.16) 0.02 123 (16.5) 0.19 (0.12) 0.12 −0.52(0.20) 0.009 - -
Combination therapy 10 (5.7) −0.05 (0.26) 0.85 142 (19.0) 0.20 (0.11) 0.07 −0.004 (0.37) 0.99 - -
HAART 134 (75.7) −0.32 (0.16) 0.04 206 (27.6) −0.25 (0.09) 0.004 −0.39 (0.19) 0.04 - -
Plasma HIV-1 RNA level 748
80–4000 copies/mL - - 239 (32.0) Ref - - Ref
4,001–9,999 - - 122 (16.3) 0.17 (0.09) 0.08 - - 0.22 (0.10) 0.03
10,000–39,999 - - 161 (21.5) 0.45 (0.09) <0.001 - - 0.40 (0.10) <0.001
40,000–99,999 - - 118 (15.8) 0.67 (0.11) <0.001 - - 0.71 (0.11) <0.001
≥100,000 - - 108 (14.4) 1.08 (0.13) <0.001d - - 1.02 (0.14) <0.001d
Per log10 increase - - 0.50 (0.05) <0.001 0.48 (0.05) <0.001
CD4 cell count, cells/mm3 174 728
<200 8 (4.6) −0.11 (0.04) 0.01 201 (27.6) 0.40 (0.12) 0.001
201–350 29 (16.7) −0.04 (0.07) 0.54 205 (28.2) 0.32 (0.11) 0.004
351–500 39 (22.4) −0.002 (0.07) 0.98 154 (21.2) 0.11 (0.09) 0.25
>500 98 (56.3) Ref 168 (23.1) Ref
Vaginal pH 176 736
<4.5 65 (36.9) Ref 192 (26.1) Ref
4.5–5.4 71 (40.3) −0.004 (0.06) 0.95 279 (37.9) 0.05 (0.09) 0.6
5.5+ 40 (22.7) 0.08 (0.08) 0.32 265 (36.0) 0.18 (0.10) 0.09
Squamous metaplasia 176 98 (55.7) 0.0008 (0.06) 0.99 734 484 (65.9) 0.10 (0.08) 0.2
Inflammation 176 10 (5.7) 0.34 (0.21) 0.12 734 55 (7.5) 0.17 (0.16) 0.29
Inflammation changes 176 8 (4.6) 0.01 (0.11) 0.91 734 32 (4.4) 0.61 (0.21) 0.004 - - 0.61 (0.22) 0.007
Cervical friability 161 21 (13.0) −0.009 (0.09) 0.91 676 103 (15.2) 0.40 (0.12) 0.001 - - 0.23 (0.12) 0.05
Cervical ectopy 161 1 (0.6) - - 675 36 (5.3) 0.60 (0.22) 0.005 - - 0.46 (0.20) 0.02
Cervical exudate 161 53 (32.9) 0.002 (0.06) 0.98 678 222 (32.7) 0.27 (0.09) 0.002 - - 0.25 (0.08) 0.001
Cervical lesions 158 6 (3.8) −0.12 (0.03) 0.001 656 59 (9.0) 0.39 (0.17) 0.02 −0.16 (0.06) 0.01 - -
Herpes simples virus, type 1 166 115 (69.3) −0.03 (0.07) 0.71 733 608 (83.0) 0.17 (0.11) 0.13 - -
Herpes simplex virus, type 2 165 110 (66.7) 0.13 (0.05) 0.01 729 563 (77.2) 0.07 (0.11) 0.52 0.11 (0.06) 0.09
BV Gram stain score 159 707
Normal (0–3) 88 (55.4) Ref 270 (38.2) Ref Ref - -
Intermediate (4–6) 38 (23.9) −0.11 (0.07) 0.11 139 (19.7) 0.26 (0.10) 0.01 −0.11 (0.08) 0.13 - -
Consistent (7–10) 33 (20.8) −0.14 (0.06) 0.02 298 (42.2) 0.18 (0.09) 0.05 −0.19 (0.08) 0.02 - -
Trichomonas vaginalis 176 6 (3.4) 0.16 (0.24) 0.49 734 66 (9.0) 0.30 (0.16) 0.06 - - 0.33 (0.16) 0.04
Summary inflammation 177 122 (68.9) −0.09 (0.08) 0.23 747 587 (78.6) 0.37 (0.07) <0.001

NOTE. Boldface type indicates statistical significance. ART, antiretroviral therapy; BV, bacterial vaginosis; HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy; Ref, reference; SE, standard error.

a

All factors evaluated but only those with associations where P<0.10 are included in multivariate analysis.

b

Linear regression with generalized estimating equations assuming an exchangeable correlation matrix and identity link is used to estimate β-coefficients, standard errors and P values.

c

The multivariate models include all evaluated factors where P<0.10 in the univariate model that remained P<0.10 in the multivariate model. Estimates are displayed for all variables that were included in the model.

d

P-trend < 0.001