Table 2.

Adjusted odds ratios for health and well-being measures (n = 1624)

	Earlier-Onset Gambling		Later-Onset Gambling		Interaction OR

	At-Risk and Problem/Pathological Gambling vs. Low- Risk Gambling		At-Risk and Problem/Pathological Gamblers vs. Low- Risk Gambling		Earlier-Onset vs. Later-Onset Gambling

	OR ^a	95 % CI	OR ^a	95 % CI	OR ^a	95 % CI
Academic and extracurricular
Grade average (reference: Mostly A’s and B’s)
Mostly C’s	1.28	0.95–1.72	1.05	0.66–1.66	1.24	0.73–2.09
D’s or lower	1.85	1.28–2.66	1.73	0.86–3.48	0.98	0.46–2.08
Any extracurricular – yes	1.14	0.83–1.55	0.93	0.564–1.539	1.24	0.704–2.182
Substance use
Smoking Lifetime (reference: never)
Occasionally	1.67	1.223–2.284	1.36	0.843–2.185	1.49	0.868–2.566
Regularly	2.13	1.479–3.060	1.44	0.790–2.613	1.65	0.853–3.190
Marijuana Ever – yes	1.61	1.216–2.120	1.56	1.002–2.425	1.15	0.700–1.885
Alcohol ever sip – yes	0.94	0.582–1.509	0.74	0.342–1.583	1.24	0.533–2.859
Current Alcohol Frequency (reference: never regular)
Light	1.19	0.768–1.854	1.43	0.732–2.781	1.00	0.469–2.138
Moderate	1.40	0.912–2.163	1.14	0.596–2.171	1.39	0.663–2.892
Heavy	1.90	1.107–3.248	2.19	0.972–4.920	1.25	0.513–3.044
Other Drug Use Ever – yes	2.32	1.555–3.459	1.40	0.632–3.094	2.16	0.928–5.021
Caffeine Use
1–2 Per Day	0.76	0.520–1.115	0.71	0.413–1.208	1.09	0.578–2.061
≥3 Per Day	1.08	0.729–1.592	0.96	0.529–1.752	1.10	0.552–2.187
Mood
Dysphoria/depression – yes	2.14	1.524–3.005	1.27	0.735–2.198	1.74	0.949–3.184
Aggression
Serious Fights – yes	2.49	1.679–3.689	1.55	0.670–3.598	1.92	0.814–4.530
Carry a Weapon – yes	2.09	1.574–2.772	1.38	0.826–2.295	1.49	0.845–2.616

Adjusted for socio-demographic differences in gender, race/ethnicity, grade level and familial structure.

CI= Confidence Interval; OR= Odds Ratio