TABLE 3.

Multivariate Logistic Regression Predicting Mental Health Service Visits in Past 2 Years (N = 1681)^a

		Any Visitsc (N = 727)		Increased Visitsc (N = 289)		WTCD Visitsc (N = 509)
Independent Variablesb	N (%)	Adjusted OR	Adjusted 95% CI	Adjusted OR	Adjusted 95% CI	Adjusted OR	Adjusted 95% CI
Age
18–29	284 (22.72)	1.05	0.61–1.81	0.75	0.35–1.61	1.74	0.92–3.31
30–44	596 (32.88)	1.52	0.92–2.51	1.23	0.61–2.48	3.09*	1.78–5.36
45–64	586 (32.54)	1.47	0.89–2.42	1.03	0.53–2.00	2.48**	1.45–4.26
65+	215 (11.87)	1.00	—	1.00	—	1.00	—
Gender
Male	693 (46.20)	1.00	—	1.00	—	1.00	—
Female	988 (53.80)	1.34***	1.01–1.80	1.44	0.98–2.12	1.27	0.92–1.76
Race
White	782 (42.95)	1.00	—	1.00	—	1.00	—
African American	422 (25.96)	0.69	0.37–1.20	0.61	0.35–1.06	0.96	0.61–1.51
Latino	367 (24.09)	1.30	0.76–2.10	1.22	0.76–1.96	1.45	0.93–2.27
Asian	62 (4.56)	0.47***	0.23–0.95	0.13***	0.27–0.66	0.69	0.32–1.48
Other	48 (2.43)	1.19	0.58–2.43	1.21	0.43–3.40	1.23	0.55–2.74
Health insurance
No	200 (14.27)	0.77	0.48–1.23	0.49***	0.25–0.95	0.75	0.43–1.31
Yes	1481 (85.73)	1.00	—	1.00	—	1.00	—
Exposure to WTCD
None/low	362 (26.73)	1.00	—	1.00	—	1.00	—
Moderate	719 (43.93)	1.96**	1.33–2.90	1.93***	1.12–3.35	2.95*	1.77–4.90
High	416 (21.76)	1.97**	1.27–3.06	1.83***	1.01–3.32	4.34*	2.49–7.55
Very high	184 (7.58)	2.08***	1.16–3.73	1.50	0.71–3.19	4.32*	2.26–8.26
Negative life events 2+
No	1045 (69.19)	1.00	—	1.00	—	1.00	—
Yes	636 (30.81)	1.64**	1.20–2.26	1.44	0.97–2.15	1.26	0.88–1.81
Lifetime traumatic events 2+
No	838 (55.16)	1.00	—	1.00	—	1.00	—
Yes	843 (44.84)	1.23	0.92–1.63	1.15	0.78–1.68	0.95	0.68–1.31
WTCD panic attack
No	1451 (89.67)	1.00	—	1.00	—	1.00	—
Yes	230 (10.33)	0.99	0.63–1.55	0.83	0.53–1.31	1.50	0.94–2.41
Anxiety disorder
No	1348 (85.88)	1.00	—	1.00	—	1.00	—
Yes	333 (14.12)	2.34*	1.48–3.69	3.12*	1.93–5.06	3.20*	2.03–5.06
Low self-esteem
No	831 (51.82)	1.00	—	1.00	—	1.00	—
Yes	850 (48.18)	1.04	0.77–1.42	1.08	0.71–1.63	0.94	0.65–1.34
PTSD
No	1468 (91.73)	1.00	—	1.00	—	1.00	—
Yes	213 (8.27)	1.22	0.66–1.94	1.44	0.87–2.39	1.37	0.82–2.28
Depression
No	1260 (82.13)	1.00	—	1.00	—	1.00	—
Yes	421 (17.87)	2.14*	1.44–3.20	1.57	0.97–2.53	2.26*	1.48–3.46

^aAll odds ratios and confidence intervals shown represent the weighted data, adjusted for the number of telephone lines and adults in the household, the treatment over-sample, and survey stratification.

^bOther variables in the model, but not shown are marital status, education, income, access to a regular doctor, and level of social support.

^cAny visits, any visits since WTCD; Increased visits, increase in visits since WTCD; WTCD visits, visits related to WTCD.

^*p < 0.001.

^**p < 0.01.

^***p < 0.05.

WTCD indicates World Trade Center disaster; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder.