Table 1.

Detected changes in selected cytokines in hepatocellular carcinoma and liver inflammation

Cytokine	Upregulated or downregulated	Sample/material studied	References
TNFα	Up and down	Cirrhotic tissue, HCC patient serum, solid tumors	[31,33,38,41,42]
IL6	Up and down	Cirrhotic tissue, hepatitis C, HCC patient serum	[31-34,40,41,43,137]
IL1α	Up	HCC patient serum	[31,33]
IL1β	Up	Cirrhotic tissue, HCC patient serum, solid tumors	[31,33,38,42]
TGFβ	Up and down	Urine, HCC patient serum	[31,36]
IL10	Up	Cirrhotic tissue, hepatitis B, HCC patient serum	[31,32,35,37,39,60]

HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; IL, interleukin; TGF, transforming growth factor; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.