Figure 1.

Risk of death based upon G-CSF and IL-17 levels. Top panels: Kaplan-Meier curves showing cumulative survival versus survival. Deciles of cytokine concentrations in plasma (pg/ml) were calculated and used to compare survival time in patients with low (solid line) and high cytokine levels (dashed line). The first decile showing significant differences between groups is represented (40th percentile). Groups were compared by the log-rank test (Mantel-Haenzel). Data collection ended at day 28. Bottom panel: Cox regression analysis for mortality adjusted by APACHE II score and the presence/absence of mechanical ventilation. Logarithmic concentrations of the cytokines were used in the regression analysis to satisfy the linearity assumption. CI, confidence interval; G-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; HR, hazard ratio.