Table 2.
Plasma cytokine levels and cytokine responses on days 1 and 7 in survivors, nonsurvivors and controls
| Patient characteristics | Survivors (n = 23) | Nonsurvivors (n = 12) | All patients (n = 35) | Controls (n = 30) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 1 | ||||
| Plasma IL-1β | 0.1 (0.0 to 2.4) | 1.2*(0.0 to 20.6) | 0.5 0.0 to 20.6 | 0.0† (0.0 to 37.7) |
| IL-1β response | 203.8 (0.2 to 220.9) | 193.7 (97.4 to 212.8) | 203.1 (0.2 to 220.9) | 89.3† (0.9 to 209.5) |
| Plasma IL-6 level | 54.6 (4.6 to 442.0) | 238.5*(6.5 to 422.0) | 73.7 (4.6 to 442.0) | 0.8† (0.0 to 64.9) |
| IL-6 response | 451.4 (2.3 to 491.1) | 381.4*(88.2 to 444.8) | (389.1 (2.3 to 491.1) | 377.8 (2.1 to 670.7) |
| Plasma IL-10 level | 13.9 (0.0 to 110.3) | 45.1*(0.0 to 1077.6) | 36.5 (0.0 to 1077.6) | 3.5† (0.0 to 40.0) |
| IL-10 response | 177.5 (0.0 to 859.7) | 283.1 (1.1 to 855.4) | 190.0 (0.0 to 859.7) | 282.9 (0.0 to 627.8) |
| Plasma IL-12 level | 0.0 (0.0 to 195.9) | 6.3 (0.0 to 233.6) | 0.0 (0.0 to 233.6) | 60.7† (3.4 to 541.6) |
| IL-12 response | 198.4 (0.0 to 1,626.8) | 40.7 (0.0 to 1004.9) | 152.7 (0.0 to 1,626.8) | (202.0† (0.0 to 1,300.4) |
| Plasma IL-17 level | 8.7 (0.0 to 131.6) | 14.4 (0.0 to 197.0) | 9.3 (0.0 to 197.0) | 0.0† (0.0 to 15.5) |
| IL-17 response | 0.0 (0.0 to 47.3) | 0.0 (0.0 to 13.9) | 0.0 (0.0 to 47.3) | 0.0 (0.0 to 11.4) |
| Plasma TGF-β1 level | 3,498.4 (930.4 to 9,214.1) | 5,789.7*(2,501.8 to 15,870.3) | 4,151.2 (930.4 to 15,870.3) | 3,034.1† (381.5 to 7,890.4) |
| TGF-β1 response | 0.0 (0.0 to 293.9) | 96.5*(0.0 to 374.1) | 0.0 (0.0 to 374.1) | 7.4 (0.0 to 211.2) |
| Plasma TNF-α level | 0.0 (0.0 to 3.5) | 0.0 (0.0 to 111.7) | 0.0 (0.0 to 111.7) | 0.0† (0.0 to 0.5) |
| TNF-α response | 409.2 (30.5 to 515.9) | 383.3 (89.3 to 435.4) | 399.2 (30.5 to 515.9) | 617.3† (0.0 to 725.6) |
| Day 7 | (n = 23) | (n = 6) | (n = 29) | |
| Plasma IL-1β | 0.3 (0.0 to 35.4) | 0.6 (0.2 to 2.6) | 0.4 (0.0 to 35.4) | |
| IL-1β response | 199.1 (153.7 to 214.9) | 201.0 (110.0 to 209.0) | 199.6 (110.0 to 214.9) | |
| Plasma IL-6 level | 30.1 (6.0 to 170.2) | 68.3 (14.2 to 274.8) | 30.1 (6.0 to 274.8) | |
| IL-6 response | 414.0 (32.2 to 470.1) | 378.8 (286.5 to 446.3) | 401.1 (32.2 to 470.1) | |
| Plasma IL-10 level | 0.0 (0.0 to 89.1) | 63.2*(35.4 to 96.9) | 5.5 (0.0 to 96.9) | |
| IL-10 response | 181.6 (86.0 to 710.5) | 303.2 (0.0 to 480.9) | 213.1 (0.0 to 710.5) | |
| Plasma IL-12 level | 0.0 (0.0 to 217.5) | 0.0 (0.0 to 43.3) | 0.0 (0.0 to 217.5) | |
| IL-12 response | 332.1 (30.5 to 3,097.3) | 127.2 (22.7 to 705.8) | 329.1 (22.7 to 3,097.3) | |
| Plasma IL-17 level | 6.4 (0.0 to 23.2) | 10.6 (0.0 to 70.6) | 6.4 (0.0 to 70.6) | |
| IL-17 response | 0.0 (0.0 to 16.2) | 0.0 (0.0 to 27.8) | 0.0 (0.0 to 27.8) | |
| Plasma TGF- β1 level | 3,164.2 (15,66.7 to 11,100.5) | 5,065.2 (2,589.8 to 12,343.1) | 3,995.4 (1,566.7 to 12,343.1) | |
| TGF-β1 response | 0.0 (0.0 to 173.7) | 0.0 (0.0 to 133.6) | 0.0 (0.0 to 173.7) | |
| Plasma TNF-α level | 0.0 (0.0 to 2.8) | 0.0 (0.0 to 5.2) | 0.0 (0.0 to 5.2) | |
| TNF-α response | 405.4 (198.2 to 521.9) | 410.7 (56.4 to 432.7) | 406.4 (56.4 to 521.9) |
TGF = transforming growth factor. All data are medians (ranges) in pictograms per milliliter. *P < 0.05 compared with survivors by Mann-Whitney U test. †P < 0.05 compared with all patients with severe sepsis by Mann-Whitney U test.