Table 1.
Demographics and clinical characteristics of studied groups
| Total (n = 95) |
IFIa (n = 16) |
No IFI (n = 79) |
P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median years (range) | 69 (18 to 93) | 74 (53 to 82) | 69 (18 to 93) | 0.12 |
| Male sex (%) | 65 (68.4) | 11 (68.8) | 54 (68.4) | 0.97 |
| SAPS II, median (range) | 47 (14 to 76) | 49.5 (26 to 74) | 46 (14 to 76) | 0.18 |
| SOFA, median (range) | 6 (0 to 16) | 5.5 (0 to 15) | 6 (0 to 16) | 0.33 |
| ICU stay, median days (range) | ||||
| Before sepsis onset | 7 (6 to 67) | 8.5 (6 to 34) | 7 (6 to 67) | 0.95 |
| Overall | 20 (6 to 180) | 28 (7 to 92) | 20 (6 to 180) | 0.24 |
| ICU mortality (no.,%) | 23 (24.2) | 6 (37.5) | 17 (21.5) | 0.20 |
| Diagnosis on ICU admission (no.,%) Medical Surgical Trauma |
61 (64.2) 12 (12.6) 22 (23.2) |
13 (81.3) 2 (12.5) 1 (6.2) |
48 (60.8) 10 (12.7) 21 (26.6) |
0.12 1 0.11 |
| Multifocal Candida colonization (no.,%) | 40 (42.1) | 10 (62.5) | 30 (37.9) | 0.07 |
| Abdominal surgery (no.,%) | 11 (11.6) | 2 (12.5) | 9 (11.4) | 1 |
| Risk factors (no.,%) | ||||
| Mechanical ventilation | 85 (89.5) | 16 (100) | 69 (87.3) | 0.20 |
| Central venous catheter | 86 (90.5) | 15 (93.7) | 71 (89.9) | 0.63 |
| Broad to spectrum antibiotics | 71 (74.7) | 14 (87.5) | 57 (72.2) | 0.19 |
| Total parenteral nutrition | 10 (10.5) | 7 (43.7) | 3 (3.8) | < 0.001 |
| Corticosteroids | 8 (8.4) | 3 (18.7) | 5 (6.3) | 0.13 |
| Renal replacement therapy | 12 (12.6) | 5 (31.3) | 7 (8.9) | 0.03 |
| Underlying diseases (no.,%) | ||||
| COPD | 20 (21.1) | 5 (31.2) | 15 (19.9) | 0.27 |
| Solid transplants | 1 (1.1) | 1 (6.3) | 0 | 0.17 |
| HIV | 1 (1.1) | 1 (6.3) | 0 | 0.17 |
| Solid cancer | 12 (12.6) | 3 (18.7) | 9 (11.4) | 0.40 |
| Hematological malignancy | 1 (1.1) | 1 (6.3) | 0 | 0.17 |
| Cirrhosis | 1 (1.1) | 1 (6.3) | 0 | 0.17 |
| Chronic renal failure | 24 (25.3) | 8 (50.0) | 16 (20.3) | 0.02 |
| Diabetes | 51 (53.7) | 10 (62.5) | 41 (51.9) | 0.44 |
| Clinical condition (no.,%) | ||||
| Severe sepsis | 54 (56.8) | 5 (31.2) | 49 (62.0) | 0.02 |
| Septic shock | 21 (22.1) | 10 (62.5) | 11 (13.9) | < 0.001 |
| Pneumonia | 29 (30.5) | 5 (31.3) | 24 (30.4) | 1 |
| Gram-positive bloodstream infectionb | 11 (11.5) | 1 (6.2) | 10 (12.6) | 0.46 |
| Gram-negative bloodstream infectionc | 7 (7.4) | 0 | 7 (8.9) | 0.21 |
| Other bacterial infectiond | 15 (15.7) | 3 (18.7) | 12 (15.2) | 0.72 |
| No. of patients (%) with a: | ||||
| Positive BG result | 20 (21.1) | 15 (93.7) | 5 (6.3) | < 0.001 |
| CS value ≥3 | 21 (22.1) | 12 (75.0) | 9 (11.4) | < 0.001 |
| Colonization index ≥0.5 | 33 (35.1) | 9 (56.3) | 24 (30.4) | 0.04 |
BG, (1→3)-β-D-glucan; COPD; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CS, Candida Score; IFI, invasive fungal infection; SAPS II, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; a Two patients developed pulmonary aspergillosis or fusariosis.
b By coagulase-negative staphylococci (n = 5), Staphylocccus aureus (n = 3), Enterococcus faecalis (n = 2), or Streptococcus mitis (n = 1).
c By Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 2), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 1), Escherichia coli (n = 1), Providencia stuartii (n = 1), Enterobacter aerogenes (n = 1), or Proteus mirabilis and P. aeruginosa (n = 1).
d Include urinary tract, wound, or fluid infections.