Table 3.
Renal effects of sepsis in pigs with and without acute kidney injury
| Baseline | 12 hours | 18 hours | 22 hours | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | ||||
| AKI | 98 (88-105) | 105 (91-134) | 124 (89-164) | 137 (130-176)abc |
| Non-AKI | 94 (90-109) | 96 (81-102) | 95 (87-106) | 101 (89-111) |
| Control | 83 (75-96) | 82 (72-100) | 90 (76-101) | 88 (77-99) |
| Diuresis (ml/kg/h) | ||||
| AKI | 1.5 (1.3-2) | 2.0 (1.6-2.8) | 2.1 (0.9-4.7) | 0.7 (0.1-1.2)bc |
| Non-AKI | 1.9 (1.4-2.4) | 4.2 (2.7-4.9)a | 4.2 (2.2-6.4)a | 1.5 (1.2-3.2) |
| Control | 2.4 (1.8-3.2) | 3.9 (2.3-6.6) | 3.3 (2.5-5.7) | 2.2 (1.8-3.2) |
| Renal perfusion pressure (mm Hg) | ||||
| AKI | 91 (85-101) | 70 (58-83) | 64 (55-78)a | 60 (53-73)a |
| Non-AKI | 91 (76-97) | 76 (64-83) | 65 (57-71)a | 59 (52-69)a |
| Control | 86 (78-91) | 70 (68-82) | 67 (59-77)a | 71 (51-77)a |
| Renal venous pressure (mm Hg) | ||||
| AKI | 14 (12-15) | 17 (15-19) | 18 (18-19)ab | 19 (18-21)a |
| Non-AKI | 14 (11-15) | 16 (15-17) | 18 (15-20)a | 20 (18-22)a |
| Control | 11 (9-16) | 14 (13-16) | 14 (12-16) | 17 (13-18) |
| Change of renal vascular resistance from baseline (%) | ||||
| AKI | 100 (100-100) | 114 (78-145) | 111 (95-183) | 242 (121-9,430)abc |
| Non-AKI | 100 (100-100) | 94 (75-110) | 82 (58-113) | 92 (69-112) |
| Control | 100 (100-100) | 112 (89-118) | 101 (63-125) | 81 (59-118) |
| Renal VO2 (ml/min/kg) | ||||
| AKI | 0.2 (0.2-0.3) | 0.2 (0.1-0.3) | 0.2 (0.1-0.2) | 0.1 (0-0.2)a |
| Non-AKI | 0.2 (0.1-0.2) | 0.2 (0.2-0.2) | 0.2 (0.2-0.2) | 0.2 (0.2-0.2) |
| Control | 0.1 (0.1-0.2) | 0.1 (0.1-0.2) | 0.1 (0.1-0.2) | 0.2 (0.1-0.2) |
| Renal cortical microcirculation (laser Doppler flowmetry) (% of baseline value) | ||||
| AKI | 100 (100-100) | 61 (43-80)ab | 62 (45-97)a | 48 (27-67)a |
| Non-AKI | 100 (100-100) | 70 (57-108) | 70 (60-100) | 61 (49-86)a |
| Control | 100 (100-100) | 97 (73-125) | 70 (63-109) | 73 (58-118) |
| Base excess renal vein (mmol/L) | ||||
| AKI | 7.3 (6.1-8.5) | 3.3 (0.1-6.7)b | 2.9 (-5.6-6.7) | -1.9 (-11.8-3.3)ab |
| Non-AKI | 8.9 (6.7-11) | 6.2 (5.4-9.1) | 4.9 (3.9-9.1) | 4.1 (1.6-10.2) |
| Control | 8.7 (7-13.7) | 7.8 (6.9-9.7) | 7.8 (5.3-9.6) | 6.7 (4.8-7.4) |
| Lactate/pyruvate ratio: renal vein | ||||
| AKI | 11 (7-17) | 15 (12-21) | 20 (9-43) | 28 (18-43) |
| Non-AKI | 10 (7-20) | 7 (5-18) | 13 (5-27) | 10 (7-19) |
| Control | 16 (9-21) | 7 (6-20) | 16 (7-32) | 8 (6-17) |
AKI, septic animals with acute kidney injury; Control, sham-operated group; DO2 systemic, systemic oxygen delivery; IL-6, interleukin 6; Infusion, sepsis induced by bacterial infusion; ITBV, intrathoracic blood volume; Non-AKI, septic animals without acute kidney injury development; PaO2/FiO2, ratio between arterial oxygen tension and the inspired fraction; Peritonitis, peritonitis-induced group; renal VO2, renal oxygen uptake; TBARS, thiobarbituric acid-reactive species; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha; VO2 systemic, systemic oxygen uptake; asignificant difference within each group versus baseline (P < 0.05); bsignificant difference between the Control group and any of the septic groups (P < 0.05); csignificant difference of the AKI versus the Non-AKI group (P < 0.05).