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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Apr 19.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Host Microbe. 2012 Apr 19;11(4):364–374. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2012.02.007

Figure 1. The immune reporter irg-1::GFP is activated by ToxA and translational inhibitors but not by inactive ToxA protein.

Figure 1

A C. elegans strain containing the irg-1::GFP reporter was exposed to P. aeruginosa PA14 (A); E. coli expressing either an empty expression vector (B) or ToxA (C); the translational elongation inhibitors hygromycin (D) or G418 (E); or ToxA in conditions where it causes less cellular damage because it is missing an essential catalytic residue (ToxAE575Δ; F) or because C. elegans lacks its diphthamide target (dph-1 mutant; G). All animals were exposed to the indicated condition for 24 hours starting at the L4 stage. Red pharyngeal expression is due to the co-injection marker myo-2::mCherry and confirms the presence of the transgene. All images were taken at the same time using the same camera settings. Scale bar represents 100 μm. Insets are the corresponding bright field image. See also Figure S1.