Table 1. Mean values and standard deviations (in brackets) of nanostructure parameters including diameter (d), spacing (s), height (h) and the density of protrusions, the adhesive force, measured contact angles (CAs) and calculated contact angle hysteresis (CAH), θ w and θ c based on the Wenzel and Cassie-Baxter wetting states on dry wing surfaces of four species of cicadas collected on different dates.
| Species | Collection dates | d | s | h | Density | Force | Measured | Calculated | ||
| D.M.Y | nm | nm | nm | 1/10000 µm2 | µN | CAs° | CAH° | θ w° | θ c° | |
| L. bifuscata | 22.8.1964 | 90(5) | 117(13) | 200(52) | 30 | 149.5 | 81.3(8.3) | 9.9 | 133.9 | 149.3 |
| A. bindusara | 29.6.1956 | 84(4) | 91(13) | 234(18) | 42 | 123.0 | 135.5(5.2) | 1.0 | 157.4 | 146.0 |
| M. opalifer | 23.7.1998 | 148(6) | 48(5) | 418(38) | 33 | 131.3 | 143.8(6.0) | 3.3 | - | 125.2 |
| C. atrata | 25.8.2010 | 85(5) | 90(8) | 462(34) | 42 | 170.0 | 137.9(1.9) | 1.5 | - | 145.6 |
| 11.8.1951 | 95(5) | 90(8) | 410(49) | 37 | 171.9 | 32.7(4.0) | 2.5 | - | 143.5 | |
Footnote: -Values fall outside the boundaries of the Wenzel Equation. Height values were calculated from inclination of the surface by 30°.