Table 1. Model comparisons of the Fourth Corner Analysis.

	Model type I	Model type II	Model typeIV
Suc_Sta	17	18	8
Num_Species	14	13	6
Num_Species_R	19	19	7
Num_Ind	17	18	8
Prop_Deciduous	18	21	6
Soil_C	10	8	3
Soil_N	7	7	4
Soil_CN	4	1	2
Soil_pH	11	11	8
Moisture	3	2	1
Elevation	2	1	1
Asp_E	9	1	9
Asp_N	4	0	4
Inclination	3	3	3
Light	1	1	1
Red_far_red_ratio	4	3	6
Sum	143	127	77

Number of significant relationships of all environmental variables obtained by the different permutation models in the Fourth Corner Analysis (see Fig. 2 and Appendix Fig. S2, S3). For abbreviations see Fig. 5.