Table 3.
Cumulative incidence (%and 95% CI) of specific comorbidities of interest across total follow-up after index date among CaP patients, men with elevated PSA but no CaP, and their matched controls in the General Practice Research Database (GPRD, 1998–2008)1.
| Comorbidity | CaP patients and matched controls | Men with elevated PSA but no CaP and matched controls | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases (n = 2,616) | Controls (n = 2,616) | OR (95% CI)2 | Cases (n = 10,128) | Controls (n = 10,128) | OR (95% CI)2 | |
| Urinary tract infection | 18.0 (16.2, 19.9) | 7.7 (6.6, 8.9) | 2.6 (2.2, 3.2)* | 11.0 (10.3, 11.7) | 4.5 (4.1, 5.0) | 2.6 (2.3, 2.9)* |
| Impotence | 12.7 (11.3, 14.3) | 7.0 (6.0, 8.1) | 1.9 (1.6, 2.4)* | 6.6 (6.0, 7.1) | 6.3 (5.8, 6.9) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.2) |
| Breast disorders | 3.3 (2.7, 4.1) | 1.1 (0.7, 1.6) | 3.0 (2.0, 4.8)* | 0.7 (0.5, 0.8) | 0.6 (0.4, 0.7) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.7) |
| Hypertension | 15.2 (13.3, 17.1) | 14.6 (12.8, 16.5) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.3) | 12.6 (11.8, 13.5) | 11.8 (11, 12.7) | 1.1 (0.97, 1.2) |
| Stroke | 4.7 (3.9, 5.7) | 7.1 (6.0, 8.2) | 0.7 (0.5, 0.8)* | 2.9 (2.5, 3.2) | 3.4 (3.0, 3.8) | 0.8 (0.7, 0.99)* |
| Acute coronary syndrome | 3.6 (2.8, 4.4) | 3.8 (3.0, 4.7) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.3) | 2.1 (1.8, 2.4) | 2.3 (2.0, 2.7) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.07) |
| Angina pectoris | 3.7 (2.9, 4.6) | 3.4 (2.6, 4.2) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.5) | 1.9 (1.6, 2.2) | 2.2 (1.9, 2.5) | 0.8 (0.7, 1.04) |
| Arrhythmia | 6.5 (5.5, 7.7) | 7.8 (6.7, 9.0) | 0.8 (0.7, 1.04) | 4.5 (4.1, 5.0) | 4.8 (4.4, 5.3) | 0.9 (0.8, 1.1) |
| Myocardial infarction | 2.9 (2.3, 3.7) | 3.1 (2.4, 3.9) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.3) | 1.7 (1.4, 1.9) | 1.9 (1.6, 2.2) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.1) |
| Congestive heart failure | 5.6 (4.7, 6.6) | 5.2 (4.4, 6.2) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.4) | 1.8 (1.6, 2.1) | 2.3 (2.0, 2.6) | 0.8 (0.6, 0.9)* |
| Hyperlipidemia | 6.6 (5.6, 7.8) | 8.6 (7.4, 9.9) | 0.8 (0.6, 0.9)* | 5.9 (5.4, 6.4) | 5.6 (5.2, 6.2) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.2) |
| Lower extremity arterial occlusive disease | 1.5 (1.0, 2.0) | 2.2 (1.6, 2.8) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.05) | 0.8 (0.6, 1.0) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.3) | 0.7 (0.5, 1.002) |
| Diabetes type II | 5.6 (4.7, 6.7) | 6.4 (5.4, 7.5) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.1) | 3.9 (3.5, 4.4) | 4.4 (3.9, 4.8) | 0.9 (0.8, 1.04) |
1Index date was the date of initial CaP diagnosis for prostate cancer (CaP) patients; the date of first elevated PSA test result for men with elevated PSA; the same index date as their matched cases for controls. CI = confidence interval; cumulative incidence is across total follow-up period.
2Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval.
*Significant difference between cases and their matched controls (P < 0.05).