Table 2.

Neurobiologically Informed Ecological Interventions

First author (year)	NC	NE	Age	Sample	Intervention	Effect Sizes
						Category	Stat	Source	Type	Effect	Size
Diamond (2007)	62	85	5	Low SES	Self-regulation, play, memory, attention, and listening skills	IG post	—	—	N	↑ inhibitory control	—
						IG post	—	—	N	↑ EF	—
						—b	r	R	F	EF correlation with academic scores	0.41a
Raver (2009)	218	231	3–5	Low SES	Teacher training: clear rules, monitoring, and positive reinforcement	IG p-p	d	R	F	↓ internalizing	0.76a
						IG p-p	d	R	F	↓ externalizing	0.59a
Tominey (2011)	37	28	4–5	½ low SES	Playgroup games: attention, memory, and inhibitory control	IG post	d	C	N	↑ inhibitory control	0.69c
						IG p-p	d	C	F	↑ reading	0.44
Bruce (2009)	24d	10	5–7	Foster care	Parent training and therapeutic playgroup	IG post	ηp2	R	F	↑ feedback-related ERP amplitude	0.25

Note. Age is given in years. See Supplementary Material for definitions and procedures for determining the effect sizes (Stat) based on the parameters given in the original studies.

N_C = sample size of the control group; N_E = sample size of the experimental/training group; IG p-p = independent groups, pre-post; IG post = independent groups, post; Stat = the effect size statistic given; d = Cohen’s d; η_P² = Partial Eta-squared; r = Pearson’s product moment correlation; C = effect size calculated; R = effect size value as reported in the original study; N = near (improvement on trained tasks or nontrained, structurally similar tasks); F = far (improvement on structurally dissimilar tasks).

^aAverage effect size calculated from multiple dependent variables measuring the same construct.

^bMeasure not administered to control group.

^cEffect found in subset with low initial executive function scores.

^dMultiple control groups used, combined N given.