Table 3.

Neurorehabilitation Strategy/Compensatory Training Studies

First author (year)	NC	NE	Age	Sample	Deficit	Strategy	Effect Sizes
							Category	Stat	Effect	Size
Niemeier (1998)	15	16	45–77	Stroke	Visual inattention/neglect	Visual imagery (sweeping eye movements)	RM	d	↓ visual search errors	0.91
							IG p-p	d	↑ attention	1.04
Kerkoff (1994)	—	22	16–77	Stroke	Homonymous visual field defectsa	Compensatory eye saccades and visual search strategies	RM	—	↓ visual search errors	—
							RM	—	↑visual search	—
							RM	—	↑ activities of daily living	—
Pambakian (2004)	—	29	24–75	Stroke	Homonymous visual field defectsa	Visual search	RM	—	↓ visual search time	—
							RM	—	↑ activities of daily living	—
Kaschel (2002)	12	9	20–60	TBI	Memory	Visual imagery mnemonics	IG p-p	d	↑ delayed recall	1.17b
							IG p-p	d	↑ everyday memory	0.73b
Berg (1991)	11	17	19–58	TBI	Memory	Making associations, organization, and matching encoding and retrieval contexts	IG p-p	f2	↑ acquisition memory	0.04c
							IG p-p	f2	↑ delayed recall	0.06c
Fasotti (2000)	10	12	18–45	TBI	Mental slowness	Decision planning, task management, and delineating tasks hierarchically	IG p-p	d	↑ memory	0.40
							IG p-p	d	↑ attention	0.52
van Heugten (1998)	—	33	39–91	Stroke	Apraxia	Verbalizing the steps in an action	RM	d	↑ activities of daily living	1.30
							RM	d	↑ motor functioning	0.57
							RM	d	↓ apraxia symptoms	0.59

Note. Age is given in years. See Supplementary Material for definitions and procedures for determining the effect sizes (Stat) based on the parameters given in the original studies. All effect sizes were calculated.

N_C = sample size of the control group; N_E = sample size of the experimental/strategy group; TBI = traumatic brain injury; IG p-p = independent groups, pre-post; RM = repeated measures, change within group; Stat = the effect size statistic given; d = Cohen’s d; f ² = Cohen’s f².

^aA loss of visual perception in one half of the field of vision.

^bEffect stable at follow-up test.

^cEffect reported from follow-up test.